Table 1 Baseline characteristics of Danish children and adolescents with and without damaging MC4R mutations enrolled into obesity treatment.

	Children with damaging or unresolved MC4R mutations (group A)		Children with benign or no MC4R mutations (group B)		p for difference between groups A and B^a
	n	Mean (SD) or %	n	Mean (SD) or %		Adjusted for BMI
Sex, % boys	30	46.7	1179	44.3	0.78	0.92
Age, years	30	10.28 (3.68)	1179	11.62 (3.08)	0.019	0.022
BMI SDS	30	3.08 (0.71)	1179	2.98 (0.69)	0.80	–
Height-for-age SDS	30	1.18 (1.10)	1179	0.92 (0.98)	0.41	0.43
FFMI, kg/m² (log)	21	2.70 (0.16)	865	2.72 (0.14)	0.25	0.16
BFMI, kg/m² (log)	21	2.32 (0.26)	865	2.41 (0.28)	0.80	0.46
BMD, g/cm² (log)	21	−0.065 (0.15)	865	−0.023 (0.15)	0.58	0.59
SBP SDS	28	0.73 (0.98)	1091	0.70 (1.00)	0.94	0.97
DBP SDS	28	−0.027 (0.97)	1091	0.21 (0.78)	0.063	0.057
Glucose, mmol/l	21	5.29 (0.40)	991	5.19 (0.57)	0.24	0.24
HbA1c, mmol/mol	23	35.04 (4.62)	1032	34.80 (3.62)	0.70	0.71
Insulin, pmol/l (log)	23	4.67 (0.47)	1041	4.76 (0.63)	0.97	0.97
TSH, mU/l (log)	23	1.30 (0.72)	1039	0.98 (0.50)	0.004	0.004
T3, nmol/l	23	2.36 (0.41)	1035	2.41 (0.39)	0.44	0.44
T4, pmol/l^b	23	14.55 (2.54)	1036	15.29 (2.05)	0.023	0.022
Total cholesterol, mmol/l^b	23	4.49 (0.78)	1028	4.22 (0.77)	0.13	0.13
HDL cholesterol, mmol/l	23	1.24 (0.25)	1029	1.22 (0.29)	0.98	0.99
LDL cholesterol, mmol/l^b	23	2.70 (0.81)	1026	2.51 (0.67)	0.22	0.22
Triglycerides, mmol/l (log)	23	0.074 (0.46)	1028	−0.037 (0.51)	0.18	0.18

We present mean and standard deviation for each of the two groups (groups A and B), while presenting p values (without and with adjustment for BMI) for the mean difference between groups A and B at baseline. p values in bold indicate p < 0.05.
MC4R Melanocortin-4 Receptor, BMI body mass index, SDS standard deviation score, FFMI fat-free mass index, BFMI body fat mass index, BMD bone mineral density, SBP systolic blood pressure, DBP diastolic blood pressure, HbA1c hemoglobin A1c, TSH thyroid-stimulating hormone, T3 triiodothyronine, T4 thyroxine, HDL high-density lipoprotein, LDL low-density lipoprotein.
^aData were analyzed with a multiple regression analysis, except sex difference by logistic regression (adjusted for age). Analyses were adjusted as appropriate for age, sex, pubertal development stage, and type of DXA scanner (age only adjusted for sex). We also present all significance results from analyses with additional adjustment for BMI.
^bOutliers excluded prior to analyses (n = 1 in group B for T4, total cholesterol, and LDL cholesterol).

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