Fig. 1: Associations between adiposity (waist-to-hip ratio and BMI) and a higher urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio category by sex.

BMI body mass index, uACR urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio, SBP systolic blood pressure, DBP diastolic blood pressure. Confounder-adjusted model: adjusted for age, ethnicity, education, region, Townsend deprivation index, smoking, physical activity at baseline. Adiposity-adjusted model: further adjusted for reciprocal adiposity (i.e. waist-to-hip ratio adjusted for BMI, and BMI adjusted for waist-to-hip ratio) at baseline. Mediator-adjusted model: further adjusted for diabetes status (diabetes, pre-diabetes, no diabetes), duration of diabetes, SBP, DBP and any self-reported vascular disease (heart attack, angina and stroke) at baseline.