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Epidemiology and Population Health

Adenovirus 36 prevalence and association with human obesity: a systematic review

International Journal of Obesity volume 45, pages 1342–1356 (2021)Cite this article

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Abstract

Introduction

Obesity has numerous etiologies and includes biological factors. Studies have demonstrated that the human adenovirus subtype 36 (Adv36) is an adipogenic agent and causes metabolic alterations. Study results on the prevalence of Adv36 and clinical effects in humans vary substantially. This was a systematic review to summarize the studies on the prevalence of Adv36 infection and its association with human obesity.

Methods

A systematic literature review was conducted using the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analysis (PRISMA). Observational or experimental studies found in the Medline, Embase, LILACS, Science Direct and SciELO databases that presented results on the prevalence of Adv36 in humans were included.

Results

Thirty-seven studies were screened. A total of 10,300 adults aged 18–70 years and 4585 children and adolescents aged 3–18 years were assessed. The average prevalence of Adv36 among adults was 22.9%, ranging from 5.5% to 49.8%. Among children and adolescents, the average prevalence of Adv36 was 28.9%, ranging from 7.5% to 73.9%. There was a positive statistical relationship between Adv36 and weight gain, obesity, or metabolic changes in 31 studies. However, in four studies there was no association with obesity, and in one, no association was described. One of the studies showed an inverse correlation, i.e., Adv36 was a protective factor against obesity.

Conclusion

Strong evidence suggested a positive association between viral infection and obesity. However, due to the multi-causality of obesity and heterogeneity of studies, diagnostic tests should be standardized and easily accessible by the population to estimate the overall prevalence of Adv36 infection and its association with obesity.

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Fig. 1: Flowchart showing study selection process.
Fig. 2: Geographic distribution of the conducted studies.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences at University of Southern Santa Catarina (UNISUL), Tubarão, Brazil

    Jaime da Silva Fernandes, Fabiana Schuelter-Trevisol, Ana Carolina Lobor Cancelier, Helena Caetano Gonçalves e Silva & Daisson José Trevisol

  2. Medical School at University of Southern Santa Catarina (UNISUL), Tubarão, Brazil

    Jaime da Silva Fernandes, Fabiana Schuelter-Trevisol, Ana Carolina Lobor Cancelier, Helena Caetano Gonçalves e Silva, Daiana Gomes de Sousa & Daisson José Trevisol

  3. Clinical Research Center of Hospital Nossa Senhora da Conceição, Tubarão, Santa Catarina, Brazil

    Fabiana Schuelter-Trevisol

  4. Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA

    Richard L. Atkinson

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da Silva Fernandes, J., Schuelter-Trevisol, F., Cancelier, A.C.L. et al. Adenovirus 36 prevalence and association with human obesity: a systematic review. Int J Obes 45, 1342–1356 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41366-021-00805-6

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