Table 1 Characteristics of the seven cohortsa.
BIS | HB | InFANT | InFANT Extend (n = 243) | LIMIT (n = 1230) | Nourish | POI | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
(n = 562) | (n = 275) | (n = 352) | (n = 395) | (n = 515) | |||
Intervention allocation | |||||||
Control | n/a | 49.5% | 49.3% | 49.2% | 49.8% | 52.0% | 51.2% |
Intervention | 50.5% | 50.7% | 50.8% | 50.2% | 48.0% | 48.8% | |
Maternal factors | |||||||
Maternal age (years) | 31.8 ± 4.3 | 27.4 ± 5.3 | 32.5 ± 4.1 | 32.5 ± 4.2 | 30.0 ± 5.3 | 31.9 ± 5.0 | 32.7 ± 4.6 |
Maternal education | |||||||
Non-tertiary | 44.3% | 32.5% | 40.3% | 38.7% | n/a | 30.1% | 31.8% |
Tertiary | 55.7% | 67.5% | 59.7% | 61.3% | 69.9% | 68.2% | |
Maternal pre-pregnancy BMI (kg/m2) | 25.2 ± 5.1 | 25.3 ± 5.4 | 24.1 ± 5.2 | 24.2 ± 4.6 | 32.2 ± 5.8 | 25.7 ± 5.2 | 25.1 ± 4.9 |
Normal weight | 57.8% | 56.4% | 67.1% | 63.8% | 0.0% | 53.7% | 60.2% |
Overweight | 27.1% | 28.0% | 21.3% | 26.3% | 44.2% | 29.4% | 26.2% |
Obesity | 15.1% | 15.6% | 11.6% | 9.9% | 55.9% | 17.0% | 13.6% |
Child factors | |||||||
Child age at assessment in infancy (years) | 1.1 ± 0.1 | 1.0 ± 0.0 | 0.8 ± 0.1 | 0.8 ± 0.2 | 0.6 ± 0.2 | 1.1 ± 0.1 | 1.0 ± 0.0 |
Child age at assessment in early childhood (years) | 4.1 ± 0.2 | 5.0 ± 0.1 | 5.1 ± 0.2 | 3.2 ± 0.1 | 3.3 ± 0.5 | 5.0 ± 0.0 | 5.0 ± 0.0 |
Gestational age | |||||||
Premature (<37 weeks) | 4.1% | n/a | 11.4% | 7.9% | 5.4% | n/a | 0 |
Full term (≥37 weeks) | 95.9% | 88.6% | 92.1% | 94.6% | 100% | ||
Child sex | |||||||
Boys | 53.7% | 53.1% | 52.3% | 50.2% | 49.6% | 48.1% | 51.8% |
Girls | 46.3% | 46.9% | 47.7% | 49.8% | 50.4% | 51.9% | 48.2% |
Infant birth weight (kg) | 3.5 ± 0.5 | 3.4 ± 0.6 | 3.3 ± 0.6 | 3.3 ± 0.6 | 3.5 ± 0.5 | 3.5 ± 0.4 | 3.6 ± 0.5 |
<2.5 kg | 2.5% | 5.5% | 6.8% | 7.0% | 3.3% | 0.0% | 0.8% |
2.5–4 kg | 79.7% | 84.0% | 82.4% | 83.5% | 79.8% | 89.6% | 83.1% |
≥4 kg | 17.8% | 10.6% | 10.8% | 9.5% | 16.9% | 10.4% | 16.1% |
Breastfeeding duration | |||||||
<6 months | 34.2% | 56.0% | 33.3% | 24.3% | 44.4% | 29.1% | 25.1% |
≥6 months | 65.8% | 44.0% | 66.8% | 75.7% | 55.6% | 70.9% | 75.0% |
Infant rapid weight gain | |||||||
Yes | 25.6% | 36.0% | 29.0% | 30.9% | 23.2% | 29.1% | 21.2% |
No | 74.4% | 64.0% | 71.0% | 69.1% | 76.8% | 70.9% | 78.8% |
Child BMI z-score in early childhood | 0.2 ± 1.3 | 0.6 ± 1.0 | 0.5 ± 1.0 | 0.8 ± 0.9 | 0.8 ± 1.0 | 0.4 ± 0.9 | 0.5 ± 0.9 |
Underweight/normal weight | 88.6% | 78.6% | 84.1% | 85.6% | 77.6% | 87.9% | 84.7% |
Overweight/obesity | 11.4% | 21.5% | 15.9% | 14.4% | 22.4% | 12.2% | 15.3% |
