Fig. 3: VAT_Eq landmarks.

a Intersection of parasternal line and a 45°line at umbilicus creates F14. b Paracervical landmark at midcervical spinal (F32); Intersection of anterior axillar line with horizontal 4. ICR line (F17) and xyphoid/epigastric line (F18). c Intersection between paravertebral line and posterior, horizontal line of cristia iliaca. d One orientation point is identified at half distance of the vertical line from end of lateral gluteal fold to the horizontal posterior upper patella pole line. This orientation point creates a horizontal line ending at the vertical trochanter major line, where F48 is identified at the center. e The distance of vertical trochanter major line ending at the posterior patella pole line forms three equal sizes or lengths. The last third constitutes a point in its center, which is horizontally extended to the vertical patella pole line. The center of that line forms the measurement point (F37). All landmarks are designed for the body’s right side.