Table 1 Base-case cost-effectiveness results (costs are 2021 CAD).

From: Cost-effectiveness of weight-management pharmacotherapies in Canada: a societal perspective

 

Intervention Cost*

Obesity disease cost

Total cost

Total QALY

Incr. cost

Incr. QALY

ICUR (vs. next best alternative)

ICUR vs. SoC

Base-case results, societal perspective including WPL

 Diet and exercise

0

208 458

208 458

18.18

    

 Orlistat

1901

207 551

209 452

18.22

994

0.04

23 479

23 479

 NB-32 mg

3336

207 427

210 763

18.23

Ext. dom.

Ext. dom.

Ext. dom.

45 842

 Liraglutide 3.0 mg

5839

206 783

212 622

18.27

Ext. dom.

Ext. dom.

Ext. dom.

46 476

 Semaglutide 2.4 mg

6737

205 999

212 736

18.32

3284

0.11

31 243

29 014

Results, private payer perspective only

 Diet and exercise

0

144 916

144 916

18.18

    

 Orlistat

1901

144 558

146 459

18.22

1543

0.04

36 475

36 475

 NB-32 mg

3336

144 516

147 852

18.23

Ext. dom.

Ext. dom.

Ext. dom.

58 398

 Liraglutide 3.0 mg

5839

144 271

150 110

18.27

Ext. dom.

Ext. dom.

Ext. dom.

57 983

 Semaglutide 2.4 mg

6737

144 028

150 765

18.32

4306

0.11

40 966

39 677

Results, public payer perspective only

 Diet and exercise

0

54 944

54 944

18.18

    

 Orlistat

1901

54 531

56 432

18.22

1488

0.04

35 169

35 169

 NB-32 mg

3336

54 476

57 812

18.23

Ext. dom.

Ext. dom.

Ext. dom.

57 024

 Liraglutide 3.0 mg

5839

54 202

60 041

18.27

Ext. dom.

Ext. dom.

Ext. dom.

56 883

 Semaglutide 2.4 mg

6737

53 813

60 550

18.32

4118

0.11

39 180

38 029

Scenario 1, intention-to-treat analysis (no stopping rule)

 Diet and exercise

0

208 458

208 458

18.18

    

 Orlistat

3592

206 948

210 540

18.24

2081

0.06

33 585

33 585

 NB-32 mg

6307

206 706

213 013

18.25

Ext. dom.

Ext. dom.

Ext. dom.

64 170

 Liraglutide 3.0 mg

7740

206 397

214 137

18.27

Dominated

Dominated

Dominated

60 487

 Semaglutide 2.4 mg

8169

205 934

214 103

18.33

3563

0.09

40 825

37 819

Scenario 2, cycle discount + trial product estimand + next-line bariatric surgery

 Diet and exercise

0

208 488

208 488

18.18

    

 Orlistat

1546

207 732

209 277

18.21

789

0.04

20 744

20 744

 NB-32 mg

3336

207 653

210 989

18.22

Ext. dom.

Ext. dom.

Ext. dom.

58 146

 Liraglutide 3.0 mg

5868

206 988

212 855

18.26

Ext. dom.

Ext. dom.

Ext. dom.

54 742

 Semaglutide 2.4 mg

6798

206 227

213 025

18.31

3747

0.10

38 481

33 497

Scenario 3, comparison based on the head-to-head trial STEP 8 [74]

 Liraglutide 3.0 mg

5301

179 907

185 208

19.391

    

 Semaglutide 2.4 mg

6530

178 407

184 936

19.479

–271

0.09

Dominant

NA

Scenario 4, excluding weight-loss effect on complications and mortality (combined)

 Diet and exercise

0

208 482

208 482

18.16

    

 Orlistat

1901

207 587

209 488

18.19

1005

0.03

35 723

35 723

 NB-32 mg

3335

207 462

210 797

18.19

Ext. dom.

Ext. dom.

Ext. dom.

78 817

 Liraglutide 3.0 mg

5837

206 830

212 667

18.21

Ext. dom.

Ext. dom.

Ext. dom.

81 373

 Semaglutide 2.4 mg

6734

206 041

212 775

18.24

3287

0.06

58 851

51 102

  1. *In the societal perspective, intervention costs are accounted for only once, as either private or public. CAD: Canadian dollars, Dominated: An intervention that is both more costly and less effective than a comparator. A dominated intervention does not offer good value for money and is therefore excluded from the calculation of ICURs. Ext Dom: Extendedly dominated: An intervention that is excluded because an alternative intervention can deliver greater QALY gains for a lower ICUR. ICUR incremental cost-utility ratio, Incr. incremental, NA not applicable, NB-32 naltrexone 32 mg/bupropion 360 mg, QALY quality-adjusted life-years, SoC standard of care, WPL work productivity losses.