Fig. 2: The effect of HF on the growth of offspring exposed to maternal GDM (mean ± SEM).

A The birth weight of pups (nCON = 42, nGDM = 49, nHF = 52, nHF+GDM = 49), *P < 0.05; B The body weight of offspring from week 1 to week 4 (Week 1: nCON = 36, nGDM = 37, nHF = 44, nHF+GDM = 44; Week 2: nCON = 36, nGDM = 34, nHF = 44, nHF+GDM = 44; Week 3: nCON = 34, nGDM = 32, nHF = 41, nHF+GDM = 42; Week 4: nCON = 22, nGDM = 18, nHF = 17, nHF+GDM = 16), *P < 0.05; C The body weight of male offspring from week 4 to week 8 (nCON = 7, nGDM = 7, nHF = 8, nHF+GDM = 7); D The body weight of female offspring from week 4 to week 8 (nCON = 8, nGDM = 7, nHF = 6, nHF+GDM = 7); P < 0.05 $ GDM vs. CON, * HF vs. CON, # HF+GDM vs. CON, £ HF vs. GDM, ¥HF vs. HF + GDM, ^GDM vs. HF + GDM.