Table 2 Longitudinal associations between obesity (vs. normal weight) and the incidence of NCDs in ELSA.

From: Obesity, psychological well-being related measures, and risk of seven non-communicable diseases: evidence from longitudinal studies of UK and US older adults

Outcomes

Obesity vs. normal weight

n

Model 1

Model 2

HR

95% CI

HR

95% CI

Hypertension

2699

1.52

1.25, 1.85***

1.50

1.24, 1.83***

Heart disease

5082

1.45

1.19, 1.76***

1.45

1.19, 1.76***

Stroke

6181

1.19

0.85, 1.65

1.18

0.85, 1.63

Diabetes

5629

4.23

2.98, 6.01***

4.23

2.98, 6.01***

Arthritis

3929

1.82

1.49, 2.23***

1.81

1.48, 2.22***

Cancer

5870

1.21

0.96, 1.53

1.21

0.95, 1.53

Memory-related disease

6376

0.91

0.68, 1.22

0.92

0.69, 1.22

  1. Model 1: the association between obesity and an NCD was adjusted for age, sex, ethnicity, marital status, paid employment status, completion of degree qualification level, and wealth index. Model 2: Model 1 with an additional adjustment for an index of overall psychological well-being. Index of overall psychological well-being measures was developed by re-standardising the average standardised scores of five psychological well-being related measures (depressive symptoms, enjoyment of life, eudemonic well-being, life satisfaction, and loneliness). Comparisons between overweight vs. normal weight for each NCD are not presented.
  2. n analytical sample size (excluding participants with the outcome before and at baseline and missing observations), HR hazard ratio, CI confidence interval.
  3. *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001.
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