Fig. 3: Co-occurrence analysis between the gastric microbiome before sleeve gastrectomy in each group.

The y-axis indicates betweenness centrality (BNC), and the x-axis indicates the clustering coefficient (CC). The genera located at the bottom right of the plots have the lowest rates of co-occurrence with other genera (low CC) and play a central role in the topology of the network (high BNC). The red dotted line is an arbitrary line for comparing the positions above the microbiota on the coordinates of the BNC and CC. The red dotted line on the vertical axis represents a random cutoff based on a BNC of 0.10, and the red dotted line on the horizontal axis represents a random cutoff based on a CC of 0.4. A ND is non-DM without H. pylori infection group, B ND-Hp is non-DM with H. pylori infection group, C DM is diabetes mellitus group, (C) DM-Hp is DM with Indicates H. pylori infection group..