Table 2 Summary of study and baseline sample characteristics.

From: The effectiveness and usability of online, group-based interventions for people with severe obesity: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Citation	Study year	Study design	Country	Total sample	Online int. group initial sample	Online int. group analysed sample	Mean BMI (kg/m²)	Mean age	Female (%)
Abbott et al. [57]	2020	Prospective cross-sectional study	England (UK)	315	227	227	46.8	44	70
Ahrendt et al. [45]	2010	Retrospective cohort study	USA	120	60	60	38.9	57	8
Batsis et al. 2021 [51]	2021	Non-randomised, non-blinded, single-arm study	USA	53	53	44	36.5	72.9	82
Bernhart et al. [46]	2020–2021	Feasibility study	USA	60	Synchronous: 43; Asynchronous: 17	–	36.8	48.3	Synchronous: 78; Asynchronous: 100
Bruce et al. [47]	2020–2022	Randomised Controlled Trial	USA	71	36	34	37.5	47	82
Cavallo et al. [52]	2012	Single group pre-post design feasibility study	USA	40	40	12	39	30	100
Cliffe et al. [53]	2020	Qualitative	Wales (UK)	14	13	13	39.3	48.5	61
Fraticelli et al. [48]	2020	Randomised Controlled Trial	Italy	36	18	11	35.2	56.5	50
Griffith et al. [44]	2019–2020	Pilot RCT	USA	72	72	58	37	50	0
Harvey-Berino et al. [37]	2005	Randomised Controlled Trial	USA	481	320	303	35.6	46.7	93
Harvey-Berino et al. [38]	2005	Randomised Controlled Trial^a	USA	323	323	234	35.6	46.7	93
Krukowski et al. [40]	2005	Randomised Controlled Trial	USA	323	162	161	35.7	46.3	92
Krukowski et al. [39]	2005	Randomised Controlled Trial^b	USA	161^b	161	161	35.6	46.2	92
Stansbury et al. [41]	2016–2018	Secondary analysis of the control arm in a randomised trial	USA	212^c	212	194	35.8	48	91
West et al. [42]	2016–2018	Randomised Controlled Trial	USA	418	418	360	35.7	49	91
West et al. [43]	2016–2018	Randomised Controlled Trial	USA	418	418	418	35.7	49	91
West et al. [54]	2010–2014	Randomised Controlled Trial	USA	73	37	35	35.8	50.5	92
West et al. [55]	2020	Pilot RCT	USA	398	398	323	36	48.4	90
Wild et al. [49]	2012	Randomised Controlled Trial	Germany	117	59	58	49.2	41.2	60
Willis et al. [50]	2016	Pilot RCT	USA	70	34	–	36.8	46.8	85

^aPart of the Harvey-Berino 2010 study (23).
^bSame study as the Krukowski 2011 study [40]. This paper focuses on the 161 participants who were randomised to the online condition.
^cThis subgroup analysis is one arm of the West 2020 study [42].

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Table 2 Summary of study and baseline sample characteristics.

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