Fig. 2: Hazard ratios for disability calculated using multivariable Cox proportional hazards analysis based on body mass index.

A total participants (B) frailty stratified model. Model 1 was adjusted for age, sex, and population density; Model 2 was additionally adjusted for smoking status, alcohol consumption, physical activity, sitting time, sleep duration, family structure, educational level, economic status, denture use, medication use, chronic disease count and/or frailty status. The X-axis of the plot is on a log scale. BMI body mass index, CI confidence interval, HR hazard ratio, PY person-years, Ref reference.