Table 1 Baseline characteristics of the study participants according to body mass index.

From: Is a higher body mass index associated with longer duration of survival with disability in frail than in non-frail older adults?

 

Total (n = 10,232)

BMI categories (kg/m2)

<18.5 (n = 933)

18.5–21.4 (n = 2882)

21.5–24.9 (n = 4370)

25.0–27.4 (n = 1413)

≥27.5 (n = 634)

Age [years]a

73.6

(6.5)

76.3

(7.5)

74.1

(6.9)

73.0

(6.0)

73.0

(6.0)

72.7

(5.9)

Women [n (%)]b

5459

(53.4)

638

(68.4)

1668

(57.9)

2124

(48.6)

660

(46.7)

369

(58.2)

PD ≥ 1000 people/km2 [n (%)]b

4616

(45.1)

413

(44.3)

1270

(44.1)

2026

(46.4)

622

(44.0)

285

(45.0)

Height [cm]a

156.9

(9.0)

154.3

(8.6)

156.4

(9.0)

157.8

(8.8)

157.8

(9.0)

155.7

(10.0)

Body weight [kg]a

55.7

(10.3)

41.2

(5.3)

49.4

(6.1)

57.6

(6.9)

64.9

(7.5)

71.7

(9.9)

Body mass index [kg/m2]a

22.5

(3.2)

17.2

(1.0)

20.1

(0.8)

23.1

(1.0)

26.0

(0.7)

29.5

(2.0)

Current smoker [n (%)]b

1169

(11.4)

117

(12.5)

357

(12.4)

488

(11.2)

147

(10.4)

60

(9.5)

Current alcohol drinker [n (%)]b

3960

(38.7)

257

(27.6)

1022

(35.5)

1851

(42.4)

612

(43.3)

218

(34.4)

Physical activity [min/week]a

216

(419)

129

(308)

206

(395)

248

(454)

222

(427)

160

(371)

Sitting time [min/day]a

327

(229)

365

(255)

323

(234)

318

(220)

318

(215)

373

(243)

Sleep time [min/day]a

408

(89)

416

(107)

410

(88)

406

(85)

405

(87)

400

(90)

Living alone [n (%)]b

1161

(11.4)

107

(11.5)

363

(12.6)

472

(10.8)

146

(10.3)

73

(11.5)

Education ≥13 y [n (%)]b

2076

(20.3)

143

(15.3)

576

(20.0)

941

(21.5)

289

(20.5)

127

(20.0)

HSES [n (%)]b

3254

(31.8)

317

(34.0)

936

(32.5)

1394

(32.0)

438

(31.0)

169

(26.7)

Denture use [n (%)]b

6095

(59.6)

612

(65.6)

1753

(60.8)

2559

(58.6)

820

(58.0)

351

(55.4)

No medication [n (%)]b

2134

(20.9)

196

(21.0)

701

(24.3)

913

(20.9)

243

(17.2)

81

(12.8)

Hypertension [n (%)]b

3920

(38.3)

224

(24.0)

876

(30.4)

1767

(40.4)

711

(50.3)

342

(53.9)

Stroke [n (%)]b

429

(4.2)

36

(3.9)

110

(3.8)

195

(4.5)

60

(4.3)

28

(4.4)

Heart disease [n (%)]b

1261

(12.3)

105

(11.3)

311

(10.8)

532

(12.2)

200

(14.2)

113

(17.8)

Diabetes [n (%)]b

1088

(10.6)

69

(7.4)

244

(8.5)

470

(10.8)

178

(12.6)

127

(20.0)

Hyperlipidaemia [n (%)]b

970

(9.5)

52

(5.6)

244

(8.5)

438

(10.0)

148

(10.5)

88

(13.9)

Respiratory disease [n (%)]b

482

(4.7)

68

(7.3)

133

(4.6)

187

(4.3)

64

(4.5)

30

(4.7)

Digestive disease [n (%)]b

850

(8.3)

133

(14.3)

267

(9.3)

330

(7.6)

85

(6.0)

35

(5.5)

Urological diseases [n (%)]b

640

(6.3)

66

(7.1)

176

(6.1)

272

(6.2)

88

(6.2)

38

(6.0)

Cancer [n (%)]b

387

(3.8)

58

(6.2)

127

(4.4)

138

(3.2)

46

(3.3)

18

(2.8)

No. of chronic diseasesa,c

0.98

(0.99)

0.87

(0.99)

0.86

(0.93)

0.99

(1.00)

1.12

(1.01)

1.29

(1.11)

Frailty [n (%)]b

4105

(40.1)

575

(61.6)

1170

(40.6)

1516

(34.7)

521

(36.9)

323

(51.0)

  1. The number of missing values for variables is as follows: smoking status (n = 195; 1.9%), alcohol drinker (n = 161; 1.6%), physical activity (n = 228; 2.2%), sitting time (n = 1075; 10.5%), sleep time (n = 484; 4.7%), family structure (n = 709; 6.9%), educational attainment (n = 1034; 10.1%), socioeconomic status (n = 369; 3.6%), denture use (n = 111; 1.1%), and medications (n = 558; 5.5%). Body mass index was calculated as body weight (kg) divided by height squared (m2).
  2. PD population density, HSES high socioeconomic status.
  3. aContinuous values are presented as the mean (standard deviation).
  4. bCategorical values are presented as numbers (percentages).
  5. cThe comorbidity scores were summed to obtain a total score ranging from 0 (no comorbidity) to 9 (poor status) from the data obtained on disease status (including the presence of hypertension, stroke, heart disease, diabetes, hyperlipidaemia, digestive disease, respiratory disease, urological diseases, and cancer).
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