Table 1 Findings on the effects of methods used in the management of maternal obesity on maternal health during pregnancy, childbirth, postpartum period and neonatal period.
Outcomes | Number of Studies | Intervention group Cases/Total Sample size | Control group Cases/Total Sample size | Odds Ratio/Mean Difference [%95 CI] | Heteregenity | Overall Impact | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Tau2 | X2/df/p | I2 | z/p | |||||
Outcomes in the pregnancy period | ||||||||
Gestational diabetes mellitus | 13 | 597/2902 | 654/2878 | 0.88 [0.78–1.00] | – | 19.65/13/0.10 | 34 | 1.90/0.06 |
Gestational hypertension | 6 | 60/685 | 67/693 | 0.92 [0.64–1.33] | – | 11.61/6/0.07 | 48 | 0.45/0.65 |
Pre-eclampsi | 7 | 69/1724 | 64/1739 | 1.10 [0.78–1.56] | – | 3.88/7/0.79 | 0 | 0.54/0.59 |
Eclampsia | 1 | 6/783 | 10/772 | 0.59 [0.21–1.63] | – | – | – | 1.02/0.31 |
Abortion | 2 | 25/1009 | 16/995 | 1.55 [0.82–2.93] | – | 1.34/1/0.25 | 25 | 1.36/0.17 |
Gaining more weight than IOM recommendations during pregnancy | 3 | 120/383 | 107/393 | 1.07[0.54–2.13] | 0.24 | 5.74/2/0.06 | 65 | 0.20/0.84 |
Gestational weight gain | 9 | 2206 | 2218 | 1.24 [−1.83 _ −0.65] | 0.55 | 32.47/9/0.0002 | 72 | 4.10 / < 0.0001 |
Outcomes in the intrapartum period | ||||||||
Vaginal delivery | 7 | 741/1457 | 787/1550 | 1.04 [0.90–1.20] | – | 5.65/7/0.58 | 0 | 0.49/0.62 |
Instrumental delivery | 7 | 161/1416 | 162/1495 | 1.03 [0.82–1.30] | . | 5.30/7/0.62 | 0 | 0.26/0.80 |
Emergency cesarean delivery | 5 | 193/1253 | 247/1357 | 0.89 [0.58–1.36] | 0.15 | 13.16/5/0.02 | 62 | 0.54/0.59 |
Elective cesarean delivery | 5 | 245/1253 | 242/1357 | 1.03 [0.71–1.50] | 0.10 | 10.29/5/0.07 | 51 | 0.16/0.87 |
Caesarean delivery | 11 | 587/1832 | 667/1928 | 0.89 [0.76–1.02] | – | 10.32/11/0.50 | 0 | 1.66/0.10 |
Preterm delivery | 7 | 31/1381 | 29/1388 | 1.10 [0.66–1.83] | – | 6.44/6/0.38 | 7 | 0.36/0.72 |
Induction of labour | 3 | 321/1013 | 339/993 | 0.90 [0.74–1.08] | – | 2.28/3/0.52 | 0 | 1.13/0.26 |
Outcomes in the postpartum period | ||||||||
Postpartum haemorrhage | 2 | 149/1009 | 122/995 | 1.24 [0.96–1.61] | – | 0.90/1/0.34 | 0 | 1.64/0.10 |
Perineal laceration | 1 | 4/18 | 2/10 | 1.14 [0.17–7.69] | – | – | – | 0.14/0.89 |
Outcomes in the neonatal period | ||||||||
Birth weight [gr] | 11 | 2372 | 2448 | −51.84 [−85.16–17.83] | 1682.10 | 151984.19/13 / < 0.00001 | 100 | 2.99/0.003 |
Large for gestational age | 8 | 158/1881 | 192/1915 | 0.85 [0.54–1.33] | 0.29 | 25.76/8/0.001 | 69 | 0.73/0.47 |
Small for gestational age | 4 | 42/741 | 35/736 | 1.20 [0.76–1.90] | – | 2.85/4/0.58 | 0 | 0.78/0.44 |
Macrosomia | 9 | 254/1939 | 276/1951 | 0.90 [0.75–1.09] | – | 13.47/9/0.14 | 33 | 1.09/0.28 |
Low birth weight | 2 | 30/665 | 34/656 | 0.86 [0.52–1.43] | – | 2.33/2/0.31 | 14 | 0.57/0.57 |
Congenital anomaly | 2 | 12 /1009 | 14/995 | 0.84 [0.39–1.84] | – | 0.00/1/0.95 | 0 | 0.43/0.67 |
Neonatal intensive care unit admission | 5 | 89/1136 | 105/1143 | 0.86 [0.64–1.15] | – | 7.41/4/012 | 46 | 1.02/0.31 |
Perinatal death | 2 | 10/1009 | 14/995 | 0.70 [0.31–1.59] | – | 0.10/1/0.76 | 0 | 0.85/0.39 |
Breastfeeding problems | 2 | 219/592 | 311/620 | 0.62 [0.28–1.35] | 0.29 | 11.09/1 / < 0.0009 | 91 | 1.21/0.22 |
