Fig. 7

EAP reduces bone remodelling at the latter stage. a Representative images of immunohistochemistry staining of Osx and TRAP staining on serial sections of the rats’ distal root apical region 4 weeks after the induction of EAP. a1–a4 Green dotted boxes are magnified below, and the ROIs for statistical analysis (b–e). 1’, 1”, b Increased Osx-positive cells in the apical ligament area (yellow frame) and on the apical bone surface (black arrow, blue frame). 2’, 2”, c Decreased TRAP-positive cells on the apical bone surface (red arrow, blue frame). 3’, 3”, d Increased Osx-positive cells on the bone surface of the area adjacent to the apical foramen (black arrow, blue frame). 4’, 4”, e Decreased TRAP-positive cells adjacent to the apical foramen (red arrow, blue frame). Scale bar: 100 µm. Yellow/blue boxes are presented with a scale bar of 50 µm. Bo, bone; dr, distal root (black dotted area); af, apical foramen, bone surface (grey dotted line)