Table 1 Mean value ± standard deviation of smear layer scores of different groups

From: Evaluation of four final irrigation protocols for cleaning root canal walls

Items

Baseline

CNI

EA

PUI

M3 Max

Overall

5a

3.71 ± 0.46b

3.25 ± 0.47c

3.00 ± 0.77c

2.96 ± 0.71c

Coronal

5d

3.47 ± 0.52e

3.02 ± 0.41f

2.67 ± 0.62f

2.40 ± 0.51g

Middle

5h

3.67 ± 0.49i

3.33 ± 0.49j

2.80 ± 0.78j

2.87 ± 0.52j

Apical

5k

4l

3.40 ± 0.51m

3.53 ± 0.64l

3.60 ± 0.51l

  1. Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences between groups (P < 0.05)
  2. Mean value ± standard deviation of smear layer scores after conventional needle irrigation (CNI), sonic agitation with the EndoActivator device (EA), passive ultrasonic irrigation (PUI), and agitation with the M3 Max file (M3 Max)