Fig. 4

4-OI attenuates oxidative damage via disassociation of KEAP1-Nrf2 complex in vitro. a View and zoomed in view of the binding modes of itaconate with BTB domain in binding site of KEAP1 (PDB code: 5DAF). The itaconate molecule structure is displayed in Ball and sticks style and capped sticks are the amino acids of BTB domain in KEAP1. Green dashed lines are hydrogen bonds. b 2D interaction diagram depicting the interaction pattern of itaconate with BTB domain. c View and zoomed in view of the binding modes of itaconate with residue Cys583 in Kelch domain in binding site of KEAP1 (PDB code: 2FLU). d 2D interaction diagram depicting the interaction pattern of itaconate with residue Cys583 in Kelch domain. e Co-IP assay in RAW264.7. f Expression of listed proteins in cytosol fraction lysates tested by western blotting. g Schematic illustration of the therapeutic role of 4-OI in the inflammatory periodontal tissue