Table 5 Linear mixed models for analyzing factors influencing ΔBH

From: Minimally invasive techniques for lateral maxillary sinus floor elevation: small lateral window and one-stage surgery—a 2–5-year retrospective study

Variables

ΔBHCT0–T1

ΔBHMT0–T1

ΔBHDT0–T1

ΔBHBT0–T1

ΔBHPT0–T1

Female as reference

Male

−0.61

0.59

−0.96

−0.55

0.62

(0.45)

(0.91)

(0.76)

(0.54)

(0.60)

Age

−0.03

−0.03

−0.03

−0.02

−0.03

(0.02)

(0.04)

(0.04)

(0.03)

(0.03)

Non-smoker as reference

Smoking

−1.11*

−1.43

−0.98

−1.44*

−1.49*

(0.51)

(1.03)

(0.87)

(0.61)

(0.67)

Without periodontitis as reference

With periodontitis

−0.46

−1.67

−0.47

−0.77

−0.47

(0.49)

(0.99)

(0.83)

(0.58)

(0.65)

Sinus membrane thickness of 1–2 mm as reference

Sinus membrane thickness less than 1 mm

0.18

−0.23

0.55

0.48

−0.87

(0.49)

(0.99)

(0.83)

(0.58)

(0.64)

Implanting site of first premolar as reference

Second premolar

0.78

0.00

1.81

−2.40

1.85

(1.24)

(2.51)

(2.10)

(1.48)

(1.64)

First molar

1.54

0.30

1.82

−1.33

0.94

(1.12)

(2.26)

(1.89)

(1.33)

(1.47)

Second molar

0.98

0.88

1.01

−1.47

−0.62

(1.27)

(2.56)

(2.14)

(1.51)

(1.67)

RBH

0.30

0.81

−0.25

0.69

−0.13

(0.33)

(0.67)

(0.56)

(0.40)

(0.44)

Straumann implant as reference

Dentium

2.13

2.16

3.27

3.00*

0.85

(1.21)

(2.44)

(2.05)

(1.44)

(1.60)

Nobel

1.18

−1.27

2.40

0.52

2.14

(1.50)

(3.02)

(2.53)

(1.79)

(1.97)

Implant diameter of 3.3 mm as reference

4.1 mm

2.17*

3.00

1.61

1.98

1.45

(0.90)

(1.81)

(1.52)

(1.07)

(1.18)

4.8 mm

1.62

2.57

0.46

1.93

0.51

(1.25)

(2.52)

(2.11)

(1.49)

(1.64)

Initial stability of 15 N·cm as reference

20 N·cm

−2.12

−0.04

−1.34

−1.34

−1.43

(1.09)

(2.21)

(1.85)

(1.31)

(1.44)

25 N·cm

0.63

1.10

1.44

1.30

0.81

(0.80)

(1.61)

(1.35)

(0.95)

(1.05)

30 N·cm

−1.28

0.04

−1.41

−0.62

−0.79

(0.89)

(1.80)

(1.51)

(1.06)

(1.18)

35 N·cm

−1.42

0.76

−1.46

−0.28

−0.90

(0.84)

(1.69)

(1.42)

(0.10)

(1.10)

Bone filling material of β-TCP as reference

DBBM

1.33*

1.82

0.50

1.46*

0.23

(0.59)

(1.18)

(0.99)

(0.70)

(0.77)

Bone graft of 0.25 g as reference

0.5 g

0.50

0.43

0.93

0.78

0.06

(0.57)

(1.15)

(0.96)

(0.68)

(0.75)

0.75 g

1.37

−0.37

1.57

1.27

0.15

(0.97)

(1.95)

(1.63)

(1.15)

(1.27)

Without collagen membrane as reference

With collagen membrane

0.21

0.07

−0.10

0.46

−1.24

(0.52)

(1.06)

(0.89)

(0.62)

(0.69)

Without membrane perforation as reference

With membrane perforation

0.67

0.82

0.84

0.70

0.32

(0.62)

(1.25)

(1.04)

(0.74)

(0.81)

LIPSC

−0.24

0.15

−0.66

−0.04

−0.26

(0.32)

(0.64)

(0.54)

(0.38)

(0.42)

Constant

−2.50

−7.13

2.43

−3.99

2.83

(4.51)

(9.09)

(7.62)

(5.37)

(5.94)

R-squared

0.92

0.85

0.85

0.94

0.85

  1. RBH residual bone height, LIPSC length of the implant protruding into the sinus cavity, β-TCP β-tricalcium phosphate, LIPSC length of the implant protruding into the sinus cavity
  2. *P < 0.1; Standard errors are in parentheses
  3. Bold values indicates statistical significant P values
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