Fig. 2

Overexpression of PD-L1 increases the self-renewal capacity, tumorigenicity, and invasiveness of hTERT+-AM cells. a Western blot analysis of PD-L1 expression in PD-L1 vector (PD-L1-VE) and PD-L1-overexpressing (PD-L1-OE) hTERT⁺-AM cells. b Flow cytometry analysis of PD-L1 expression in PD-L1-VE and PD-L1-OE hTERT⁺-AM cells. c Representative images of EdU staining (green) of PD-L1-VE and PD-L1-OE h-TERT⁺-AM cells, with nuclei counterstained with DAPI (blue). Scale bar, 50 µm. d Representative images showing the colony formation of PD-L1-VE and PD-L1-OE hTERT⁺-AM cells. Quantitative analysis of the colony area and crystal violet-stained colonies (right). Scale bar, 200 µm. e Representative images of spheroid formation in PD-L1-VE and PD-L1-OE hTERT⁺-AM cells (left). Quantitative analysis of the number of spheres (right). Scale bar, 200 µm. f Representative images showing the invasive ability of PD-L1-VE and PD-L1-OE hTERT⁺-AM cells (left). Quantitative analysis of the number of invading cells (right). Mean ± SD, two-tailed unpaired Student’s t test (b–f). All the results presented are representative of findings from three independent experiments