Fig. 3

Single-cell RNA sequencing revealed the pivotal role of PD-L1 in regulating cell proliferation, stem-like properties, and partial epithelial-mesenchymal transition characteristics in ameloblastoma. a t-SNE plots highlighting different clusters of epithelial cells with PD-L1^Low and PD-L1^High expression. b Boxplot comparing stemness scores in epithelial cells with PD-L1^Low and PD-L1^High expression. c Gene Ontology (GO) analysis of key differentially expressed genes in PD-L1^High epithelial cells. d Hallmark gene set enrichment analysis of PD-L1^High epithelial cells. Mean ± SD, two-tailed unpaired Student’s t test (b)