Fig. 4

Reciprocal interaction of PDGFRA+ dental MSCs with ECs potentially contributes to angiogenesis and osteogenesis. a Interaction strength heatmap of dental follicle cell clusters. b Interaction strength heatmap of dental papilla cell clusters. c Dot plot showing significant ligand–receptor pairs related to angiogenesis between DFSCs and SCAP with ECs. d Western blot analysis of PDGFBB expression in DFSCs and HUVECs. e ELISA quantification of VEGFA concentrations in the conditioned medium from cultured DFSCs with and without PDGFBB treatment. Data were presented as mean ± SD. n = 3 per group. *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01; ns not significant (P > 0.05)