Fig. 9

Hypoxia confers tumor cells drug resistance through STAT3-mediated induction of autophagy. a IC50 values for cisplatin were determined in hypoxic HN4 and CAL-27 receiving indicated treatments. b Tumor-bearing mice models were established by inoculating the indicated cell lines. Xenografts were treated with cisplatin alone or in combination with STAT3-IN-1, CQ or cetuximab. Tumor inhibition rates were determined in each experimental group. n = 5 for IC50 estimation, n = 5 for in vivo animal experiments. Data are represented as mean ± SD. CTX cetuximab, Pt cisplatin, wt wild-type, EUDAL Del-mut a lncRNA mutant with an EGFR-binding motif deletion (Δ254–305 nt), KD knockdown