Fig. 9

Histological analysis of the repaired pulp-dentin defects after 6 weeks of treatment. a Immunofluorescence staining images of DMP-1 in the defect area. b Quantitative statistical results of the positive area of DMP-1 (n = 5) c Immunofluorescence staining images of DSPP in the defect area. d Quantitative statistical results of the positive area of DSPP (n = 5). e Immunofluorescence images of nerve fibers (Neurofilament, NF) in the defects area. f Quantitative statistical analysis of the positive area of NF (n = 5). *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001. GelMA-5LCS composite hydrogels could promote dentin formation and induce nerve fiber ingrowth, contributing to innervated pulp-dentin complex regeneration