Table 2 PFOS drinking water guideline levels
Advisory level | Critical effect study | Toxicological endpoint | Reference dose | Uncertainty factors | Target population | Water ingestion rate | RSC | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
U.S. EPAa Office of Water, 2016, Health Advisory Level [35] | 70 ng/L | Luebker et al. [102] | Reduced pup body weight | 20 ng/kg- day | Total = 30 Interspecies 3, Intraspecies 10 | Lactating women | 0.054 L/kg-day | 20% |
Alaska DECb, 2016, Groundwater cleanup level [94] | 400 ng/L | Luebker et al. [102] | Reduced pup body weight | 20 ng/kg- day | Total = 30 Interspecies 10, Intraspecies 3 | Child (0–6 years) residential, non- cancer | 0.78 L/day, 15 kg b.w. | 100% |
560 ng/L | Seacat et al. [104] | Thyroid effects | 80 ng/kg- day | Total = 30 Interspecies 3, Intraspecies 10 | Adult | 2 L/day, 70 kg b.w. | 20% | |
Minnesota DOH, 2017, non-cancer health-based value [43] | 27 ng/L | Luebker et al. [102] | Reduced pup body weight | 5.1 ng/kg- day | Total = 100 Interspecies 3, Intraspecies 10, Database 3 | Lifetime based on internal serum concentration | Derived from internal serum concentrations based on 95% water intake rates and upper percentile breastmilk intake rates | 50% |
New Jersey DEP, 2017, Maximum contaminant level, draft [105] | 13 ng/L | Dong et al. [106] | Immune response | 1.8 ng/kg- day | Total= 30 Interspecies 3, Sensitive subpopulations 10 | Adult | 2 L/day, 70 kg b.w. | 20% |
Texas CEQb, 2017, Protective concentration level [86] | 560 ng/L | Zeng et al. [107] | Hippocampus synapse structure | 20 ng/kg- day | Total = 100 LOAEL to NOAEL 10, Intraspecies 10 | Child (0–6 years) residential | 0.64 L/day, 15 kg b.w. | 100% |
Vermonta DEC/DOH, 2016, Primary groundwater enforcement standard [44] | 20 ng/L | Luebker et al. [102] | Reduced pup body weight | 20 ng/kg- day | Total = 30 Interspecies 3, Intraspecies 10 | Infant (0–1 year) | 0.175 L/kg-day | 20% |
