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Proximity to coal-fired power plants and neurobehavioral symptoms in children

Journal of Exposure Science & Environmental Epidemiology volume 32, pages 124–134 (2022)Cite this article

Abstract

Background

Coal-fired power plants are a major source of air pollution that can impact children’s health. Limited research has explored if proximity to coal-fired power plants contributes to children’s neurobehavioral disorders.

Objective

This community-based study collected primary data to investigate the relationships of residential proximity to power plants and neurobehavioral problems in children.

Methods

235 participants aged 6–14 years who lived within 10 miles of two power plants were recruited. Exposure to particulate matter ≤10 μm (PM10) was measured in children’s homes using personal modular impactors. Neurobehavioral symptoms were assessed using the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL). Multiple regression models were performed to test the hypothesized associations between proximity/exposure and neurobehavioral symptoms. Geospatial statistical methods were used to map the spatial patterns of exposure and neurobehavioral symptoms.

Results

A small proportion of the variations of neurobehavioral problems (social problems, affective problems, and anxiety problems) were explained by the regression models in which distance to power plants, traffic proximity, and neighborhood poverty was statistically associated with the neurobehavioral health outcomes. Statistically significant hot spots of participants who had elevated levels of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, anxiety, and social problems were observed in the vicinity of the two power plants.

Significance

Results of this study suggest an adverse impact of proximity to power plants on children’s neurobehavioral health. Although coal-fired power plants are being phased out in the US, health concern about exposure from coal ash storage facilities remains. Furthermore, other countries in the world are increasing coal use and generating millions of tons of pollutants and coal ash. Findings from this study can inform public health policies to reduce children’s risk of neurobehavioral symptoms in relation to proximity to power plants.

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Fig. 1: Hot Spots of PM10 Using One-Mile Buffer.
Fig. 2: Hot Spots of Social Problems Using One-Mile Buffer.
Fig. 3: Hot Spots of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) Using One- Mile Buffer.
Fig. 4: Sensitivity Analysis of Social Problems Using Two-Mile Buffer.

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Acknowledgements

The authors would like to acknowledge and thank Abby Hagemeyer, Lindsay Tompkins, Chisom Odoh, Jack Pfeiffer, Carol Norton, Jillian Winn, and Paula Kingsolver for their assistance with data collection. We would like to thank the community and community leaders for their participation in this study. In addition, the authors would like to acknowledge C. Hanchette (deceased, October 2017) for her contributions to the overall study.

Funding

This research was supported by the National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (Grant/Award Number: R01ES024757, PI: Zierold). The funding agency did not have a role in the design of the study, in collection, analysis, or interpretation of the data, in the writing of the report, or in the decision to submit the article for publication.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Geography & Geosciences, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA

    Charlie H. Zhang

  2. Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA

    Lonnie Sears

  3. Department of Biomedical Informatics and Center for Biostatistics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA

    John V. Myers & Guy N. Brock

  4. Department of Epidemiology, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA

    Clara G. Sears

  5. Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA

    Kristina M. Zierold

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  1. Charlie H. Zhang
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  2. Lonnie Sears
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  3. John V. Myers
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  5. Clara G. Sears
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  6. Kristina M. Zierold
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Correspondence to Kristina M. Zierold.

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This study was approved by the Institutional Review Boards of the University of Louisville (#14.1069) and the University of Alabama at Birmingham (#300003807).

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Zhang, C.H., Sears, L., Myers, J.V. et al. Proximity to coal-fired power plants and neurobehavioral symptoms in children. J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol 32, 124–134 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41370-021-00369-7

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