Table 1 Population characteristics from the 1940 U.S. Census stratified by HOLC grade. These data are for the 17 cities that were appraised by HOLC, had at least ten oil or gas wells within 100 m of a graded neighborhood, and had digitized 1940s census tracts data. Note that the demographic variables are not mutually exclusive. Median home value reported in US dollars with mean and standard deviation of neighborhood-level median value for each HOLC grade.
From: Historic redlining and the siting of oil and gas wells in the United States
HOLC Grade | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Variable | A | B | C | D | All |
Neighborhoods, n | 174 | 391 | 712 | 418 | 1695 |
Total area, km2 | 395.3 | 768.9 | 1951.2 | 1104.4 | 4219.8 |
Population, n | 1,106,840 | 3,115,749 | 6,666,349 | 3,660,972 | 14,549,910 |
Population density, n km−2 | 2800.0 | 4052.2 | 3416.5 | 3314.9 | 3448.0 |
Demographics, n (%) | |||||
Black | 16,578 (1.5) | 42,611 (1.4) | 103,369 (1.6) | 317,311 (8.7) | 489,869 (3.3) |
White | 1,085,821 (98.1) | 3,064,941 (98.4) | 6,546,550 (98.2) | 3,330,584 (91.0) | 14,027,896 (96.4) |
Non-White | 21,016 (1.9) | 50,785 (1.6) | 119,792 (1.8) | 330,354 (9.0) | 521,947 (3.6) |
Foreign-born | 175,501 (15.9) | 537,264 (17.2) | 1,261,263 (18.9) | 736,657 (20.1) | 2,710,685 (18.6) |
Completed high school, n (%) | 192,547 (17.4) | 455,292 (14.6) | 720,113 (10.8) | 287,362 (7.8) | 1,655,314 (11.4) |
Median home value, mean ± SD | 7,603 ± 3,841 | 5,701 ± 2,670 | 4,382 ± 1,911 | 3,247 ± 2,140 | 4,737 ± 2,732 |
People per home, mean ± SD | 3.3 ± 1.1 | 3.4 ± 0.9 | 3.1 ± 1.3 | 3.0 ± 1.1 | 3.2 ± 1.1 |
Owner-occupied housing, % | 44.2 | 39.9 | 40.3 | 30.3 | 38.1 |
Radio ownership, % | 95.4 | 95.4 | 95.0 | 92.2 | 94.4 |
