Table 1 Baseline and follow up information of 497 Nepalese infants in Bhaktapur, Nepal.
Baseline characteristics | Baseline (6–11 m) n (%)a | |
|---|---|---|
Biomass 93 (18.7) | No biomass 404 (81.3) | |
Infant characteristics | ||
Mean age of child (months), mean ± SD | 7.8 ± 1.8 | 7.9 (1.7) |
Female child | 42 (45) | 199 (49) |
First born (birth order) | 43 (46) | 194 (48) |
Low birth weight (<2500 g)b | 19 (20) | 74 (18) |
Preterm delivery (≤37 weeks of gestation) | 11 (11.8) | 42 (10.4) |
Delivery by cesarean section | 32 (34.4) | 133 (32.9) |
No breastfeeding at the time of enrollment | 2 (2.1) | 12 (2.9) |
Exclusive breastfeeding for ≥3 months | 40 (43) | 194 (48) |
Underweight (weight for age z-score ≤ −2) | 19 (20.4) | 69 (17.1) |
Stunting (length for age z-score ≤ −2) | 38 (40.8) | 117 (28.9) |
Wasting (weight for length z-score ≤ −2) | 4 (4.3) | 12 (2.9) |
Anemia (hemoglobin <11 g/dl) | 66 (70.9) | 252 (62.4) |
Family and household features | ||
Mother’s age, mean ± | 28.2 ± 4.5 | 27.4 (4.6) |
Mothers who completed secondary school or above | 55 (59.1) | 260 (64.4) |
Mothers who work (daily wage, business, or service) | 29 (31.2) | 177 (43.8) |
Underweight mothers (<18.5 kg/m2 BMI) | 1 (1.1) | 25 (6.2) |
Family staying in joint family | 71 (76.3) | 176 (43.6) |
Family residing in rented house | 22 (23.6) | 210 (51.9) |
Kitchen and bedroom in same room | 28 (30.1) | 210 (51.9) |
Family with indoor tobacco smoking practice | 33 (35.5) | 214 (52.9) |
Family having own land | 63 (67.7) | 179 (44.3) |
WAMI indexc | 0.64 0.01) | 0.61 (0.14) |
Receiving remittance from abroad | 4 (4.3) | 44 (10.8) |
