Fig. 1: Ridgeline plot of the prevalence of electricity inaccessibility metrics in New York City, 2017-2019 by historical HOLC grades.

A 311 outage calls per 1000 households, (B) system-related power outages, and (C) electrical energy use. Grade A (green) was “best,” grade B (blue) was “still desirable,” grade C (yellow) was “definitely declining,” and grade D (red) was “hazardous.”.