Table 4 Prevalence ratio for factors associated with blood pressure under control among people already aware of the hypertension diagnosis in nine districts in India, 2018–19 (N = 3691).
Categories | Unadjusted Prevalence Ratio (PR) | Adjusted PR (Model 1a) | Adjusted PR (Model 2b) |
|---|---|---|---|
Unadjusted PR (95% CI) | Adjusted PR (95% CI) | Adjusted PR (95% CI) | |
Area | |||
Rural | 1.00 (Ref) | 1.00 (Ref) | 1.00 (Ref) |
Urban | 0.96 (0.86–1.07) | 0.85 (0.77–0.95) | 0.86 (0.78–0.96) |
Gender | |||
Male | 1.00 (Ref) | 1.00 (Ref) | 1.00 (Ref) |
Female/Transgender | 1.24 (1.10–1.39) | 1.18 (1.01–1.38) | 1.11 (0.99–1.26) |
Age Group (Years) | |||
18–44 | 1.00 (Ref) | 1.00 (Ref) | 1.00 (Ref) |
45–59 | 1.11 (0.95–1.29) | 0.89 (0.77–1.03) | 0.88 (0.76–1.02) |
60–69 | 1.19 (1.02–1.39) | 0.89 (0.76–1.04) | 0.87 (0.75–1.01) |
Education | |||
No Formal Education | 1.00 (Ref) | 1.00 (Ref) | |
Formal Education | 1.08 (0.96–1.22) | 1.09 (0.95–1.25) | |
Occupation | |||
Manual Work | 1.00 (Ref) | 1.00 (Ref) | |
Sedentary | 1.03 (0.88–1.22) | 1.02 (0.86–1.19) | |
Employed | 0.96 (0.75–1.22) | 0.98 (0.78–1.24) | |
Homemaker | 1.12 (0.97–1.30) | 0.93 (0.79–1.10) | |
Current smoker | |||
Yes | 1.00 (Ref) | 1.00 (Ref) | |
No | 1.42 (1.11–1.81) | 1.15 (0.89–1.48) | |
Current Smokeless tobacco user | |||
Yes | 1.00 (Ref) | 1.00 (Ref) | 1.00 (Ref) |
No | 1.19 (0.99–1.42) | 1.19 (0.98–1.44) | 1.20 (0.99–1.44) |
Alcohol use | |||
Yes | 1.00 (Ref) | 1.00 (Ref) | 1.00 (Ref) |
No | 1.38 (1.18–1.62) | 1.27 (1.07–1.51) | 1.28 (1.09–1.52) |
Adding salt before eating or eating high salt foods | |||
Often | 1.00 (Ref) | 1.00 (Ref) | |
Occasional | 1.13 (0.98–1.30) | 0.99 (0.86–1.13) | |
Never | 1.16 (0.97–1.38) | 0.98 (0.82–1.16) | |
Eating meals outside home | |||
Frequently | 1.00 (Ref) | 1.00 (Ref) | |
Occasionally/never | 1.04 (0.89–1.23) | 0.96 (0.82–1.13) | |
Aware regarding salt reduction | |||
No | 1.00 (Ref) | 1.00 (Ref) | |
Yes | 1.26 (1.09–1.46) | 0.97 (0.84–1.13) | |
Physical activity | |||
Inadequate/NotDone | 1.00 (Ref) | 1.00 (Ref) | |
Adequate | 1.19 (1.04–1.36) | 1.07 (0.94–1.22) | |
Recent Facility Visit | |||
Informal providers/No treatment | 1.00 (Ref) | 1.00 (Ref) | 1.00 (Ref) |
Public sector | 3.07 (2.45–3.83) | 1.99 (1.58–2.52) | 1.98 (1.57–2.50) |
Private sector | 2.89 (2.36–3.55) | 1.99 (1.61–2.47) | 1.99 (1.61–2.46) |
AYUSH | 1.75 (0.88–3.51) | 1.11 (0.55–2.22) | 1.11 (0.55–2.22) |
Co-Morbidities | |||
No Comorbidity | 1.00 (Ref) | 1.00 (Ref) | |
One or more comorbidities | 1.13 (1.02–1.26) | 0.98 (0.89–1.09) | |
Received counseling to stop tobacco use | |||
No | 1.00 (Ref) | 1.00 (Ref) | 1.00 (Ref) |
Yes | 1.09 (0.96–1.23) | 1.18 (1.02–1.35) | 1.15 (1.01–1.31) |
Received counseling to reduce Salt | |||
No | 1.00 (Ref) | 1.00 (Ref) | |
Yes | 1.30 (1.12–1.51) | 0.98 (0.85–1.13) | |
Body mass index (kg/m2) | |||
Normal Weight (18.50–24.99) | 1.00 (Ref) | 1.00 (Ref) | 1.00 (Ref) |
Under Weight (<18.50) | 1.11 (0.84–1.47) | 1.16 (0.90–1.51) | 1.17 (0.90–1.51) |
Over Weight (25.00–29.99) | 1.06 (0.94–1.19) | 0.99 (0.89–1.11) | 1.01 (0.90–1.12) |
Obese (> = 30.00) | 0.80 (0.68–0.93) | 0.74 (0.64–0.86) | 0.75 (0.64–0.87) |
Drug | |||
No Drug | 1.00 (Ref) | 1.00 (Ref) | 1.00 (Ref) |
Single | 3.00 (2.51–3.60) | 2.37 (1.95–2.87) | 2.40 (1.98–2.90) |
Combination | 2.94 (2.38–3.63) | 2.39 (1.92–2.98) | 2.37 (1.91–2.95) |
Multiple | 3.46 (2.79–4.29) | 2.81 (2.24–3.53) | 2.84 (2.27–3.55) |
