Table 1 Baseline Characteristics by Bariatric Surgery Status.

Age, years (SD)

55 (11)

54 (11)

55 (12)

<0.001

Female, n (%)

18 669 (10%)

870 (22%)

17 799 (10%)

<0.001

 Black Non-Hispanic

32 679 (17%)

723 (18%)

31,956 (17%)

0.001

 White Non-Hispanic

125 897 (67%)

2 686 (68%)

123 211 (67%)

 Hispanic

10 501 (6%)

235 (6%)

10 266 (6%)

 Other or Unknown Race

18 590 (10%)

321 (8%)

18 269 (10%)

BMI, kg/m² (SD)

39.3 (4.3)

39.1 (4.4)

39.3 (4.3)

<0.001

Systolic blood pressure, mm Hg (SD)

140 (14)

139 (14)

140 (14)

<0.001

Diastolic blood pressure, mm Hg (SD)

83 (10)

82 (10)

83 (10)

<0.001

Estimated glomerular filtration rate, mL/min/1.73m²*

87 (19)

89 (19)

87 (19)

<0.001

Chronic kidney disease, n (%)^†

11 407 (6%)

198 (5%)

11 209 (6%)

<0.001

Diabetes mellitus, n (%)

64 116 (34%)

1 132 (29%)

62 984 (34%)

<0.001

Cardiovascular disease, n (%)

12 166 (6%)

320 (8%)

11 846 (6%)

<0.001

Heart failure, n (%)

5 013 (3%)

86 (2%)

4 927 (3%)

0.047

Arrhythmia, n (%)

16 763 (9%)

394 (10%)

16 369 (9%)

0.025

Peripheral artery disease, n (%)

6 516 (3%)

170 (4%)

6 346 (3%)

0.005

Obstructive sleep apnea, n (%)

17 360 (9%)

232 (6%)

17 128 (9%)

<0.001

Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease, n (%)

9 648 (5%)

263 (7%)

9 385 (5%)

<0.001

Current or prior smoker, n (%)

48 714 (26%)

1 025 (26%)

47 689 (26%)

0.877

Antihypertensive medications, n (SD)

1.6 (0.9)

1.5 (0.8)

1.6 (0.9)

<0.001

 Gastric Bypass

499 (13%)

 Duodenal Switch

593 (15%)

 Sleeve Gastrectomy

215 (5%)

 Gastric Band

27 (1%)

 Unknown Type

2 631 (66%)