Table 1 Baseline characteristics of Jackson Heart Study participants with stage 1, 2 and 3 Cardiovascular-Kidney-Metabolic (CKM) syndrome, N = 2118.

Age, years

43.8 ± 10.8

52.3 ± 10.6

64.5 ± 11.2

Male sex, n (%)

127 (29.6%)

539 (36.8%)

73 (32.4%)

Less than high school education, n (%)

24 (5.5%)

161 (11.0%)

74 (28.5%)

Current smoking, n (%)

37 (8.6%)

158 (10.7%)

31 (13.8%)

Current alcohol use, n (%)

239 (55.7%)

708 (48.3%)

65 (28.8%)

Systolic blood pressure, mmHg

112.8 ± 8.3

126.9 ± 14.1

139.6 ± 19.7

Diastolic blood pressure, mmHg

71.4 ± 5.6

77.3 ± 8.2

76.0 ± 9.6

Body mass index, kg/m²

31.2 ± 6.1

32.3 ± 6.3

34.3 ± 7.5

Waist circumference, cm

96.4 ± 14.1

101.4 ± 14.1

106.9 ± 15.4

Hemoglobin A1C, n (%)

5.3 ± 0.4

5.8 ± 1.1

6.4 ± 1.3

Fasting blood glucose, mg/dL

86.3 ± 6.7

98.6 ± 28.9

114.4 ± 46.0

Triglyceride, mg/dL

71.6 ± 23.6

112.1 ± 68.2

120.5 ± 95.0

Total cholesterol, mg/dL

187.2 ± 36.2

201.6 ± 37.6

203.1 ± 41.2

High Density Lipoprotein cholesterol, mg/dL

51.6 ± 14.3

50.7 ± 13.7

51.9 ± 11.9

eGFR, mL/min/1.73m²

86.9 ± 12.9

77.9 ± 13.7

66.2 ± 18.1

Serum triglycerides ≥ 150 mg/dL, n (%)

0 (0%)

277 (18.9%)

45 (20.0%)

Low High Density Lipoprotein cholesterol¹, n (%)

150 (34.9%)

575 (39.2%)

92 (40.8%)

Fasting blood glucose concentration ≥ 100 mg/dL, n (%)

10 (2.3%)

387 (26.4%)

100 (44.4%)

1

171 (39.8%)

281 (19.1%)

14 (6.2%)

2

0(0%)

456 (31.1%)

75 (33.3%)

3

0(0%)

119 (8.1%)

56 (24.8%)

4

0(0%)

0(0%)

8 (3.5%)

5

0(0%)

0(0%)

2 (0.8%)

PREVENT equation 10-year total CVD risk %

1.9 ± 2.24

6.3 ± 5.0

19.1 ± 10.3

Antihypertensive medications

0(0%)

718 (49.04%)

181 (80.4%)

Glucose lowering medications

0(0%)

146 (9.9%)

71 (31.5%)

Lipid lowering medications

14 (3.26%)

160 (10.9%)

41 (18.2%)