Table 3 Incidence Rates and Hazard Ratios for Stage 4 Cardiovascular-Kidney-Metabolic (CKM) syndrome among Jackson Heart Study participants with Stage 1, 2 and 3 CKM syndrome and Associated Risk Factors.

From: Role of hypertension in the cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic syndrome among black adults: The Jackson Heart Study

 

Number of participants

Number of participants developing Stage 4 CKM

Person-years of follow up

Incidence rate per 1000/person years (95% CI)

Hazard ratio (95% CI) compared to participants with stage 1 CKM

CKM stage 1

    

Model 1

Model 2

Model 3

Overall

429

8

4915

1.6 (0.4, 2.7)

Reference

Reference

Reference

CKM stage 2

 

Overall

1464

133

15737

8.4 (7.0, 9.8)

3.31 (1.60, 6.85)

3.23 (1.56, 6.68)

3.04 (1.47, 6.29)

Hypertension

1166

113

12445

9.0 (7.4, 10.7)

1.29 (0.80, 2.08)

1.35 (0.84, 2.19)

1.31 (0.87, 2.12)

Diabetes

232

43

2362

18.2 (12.7, 23.6)

2.47 (1.71, 3.57)

2.68 (1.85, 3.89)

2.56 (1.75, 3.75)

Hypertriglyceridemia

461

57

4834

11.7 (8.7, 14.8)

1.69 (1.19, 2.38)

1.63 (1.15, 2.30)

1.63 (1.15, 2.31)

Metabolic Syndrome

623

80

6511

12.2 (9.5, 14.9)

2.19 (1.54, 3.11)

2.24 (1.57, 3.18)

2.14 (1.49, 3.08)

Moderate – High risk CKD

575

56

6177

9.0 (6.6, 11.4)

0.92 (0.65, 1.31)

0.88 (0.62, 1.25)

0.88 (0.62, 1.25)

CKM stage 3

   

Overall

225

62

1897

32.6 (24.5, 40.8)

6.28 (2.63, 15.03)

5.89 (2.46, 14.10)

4.86 (1.97, 12.00)

Hypertension

214

61

1784

34.1 (25.8, 42.7)

2.59 (0.35, 18.91)

2.80 (0.38, 20.60)

2.92 (0.39, 21.44)

Uncontrolled treated hypertension

127

39

1011

38.5 (26.4, 50.6)

1.25 (0.74, 2.11)

1.22 (0.71, 2.08)

1.25 (0.73, 2.13)

Uncontrolled untreated hypertension

33

5

308

16.2 (2.0, 30.4)

0.53 (0.21, 1.33)

0.54 (0.21, 1.40)

0.54 (0.21, 1.38)

Untreated hypertension

101

26

838

31.0 (19.0, 42.9)

0.84 (0.50, 1.39)

0.83 (0.50, 1.38)

0.84 (0.50, 1.39)

Controlled treated hypertension

129

47

996

47.1 (33.6, 60.6)

2.28 (1.24, 4.22)

2.30 (1.24, 4.24)

2.27 (1.23, 4.20)

Diabetes

99

37

752

49.1 (33.3, 64.9)

2.00 (1.20, 3.34)

1.96 (1.17, 3.28)

1.98 (1.18, 3.32)

Hypertriglyceridemia

72

18

574

31.3 (16.8, 45.7)

1.15 (0.66, 2.01)

1.16 (0.66, 2.02)

1.20 (0.68, 2.10)

Metabolic Syndrome

131

40

1073

37.2 (25.7, 48.8)

1.52 (0.89, 2.59)

1.52 (0.89, 2.58)

1.45 (0.84, 2.48)

Moderate – High risk CKD

131

38

1069

35.5 (24.2, 46.8)

1.02 (0.61, 1.72)

1.04 (0.62, 1.75)

1.02 (0.61, 1.72)

  1. See Table S1 for the definitions of the metabolic risk factors.
  2. Model 1: age, sex, education.
  3. Model 2: Model 1 + smoking and alcohol use.
  4. Model 3: Model 2 + body mass index.
  5. CKM cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic syndrome, CKD chronic kidney disease.
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