Table 2 Behavioral, physiological, and biochemical signs of pain, ATP utilization, and oxidative stress.
Characteristics | 30% dextrose n = 47 | Facilitated tucking n = 53 | 30% dextrose and facilitated tucking n = 52 | P value* |
|---|---|---|---|---|
PIPP-R: median (min, max) | ||||
Baseline | 5 (0, 17) | 5 (0, 14) | 6 (0, 13) | 0.124 |
Heel lance | 7 (0, 15) | 8 (0, 17) | 8 (0, 16) | 0.783 |
Heart rate, bpm | ||||
Mean ± SD | ||||
Baseline | 162.78 ± 12.63 | 160.90 ± 19.10 | 167.02 ± 14.41 | 0.159 |
Heel lance | 165.02 ± 13.73 | 165.08 ± 13.34 | 162.70 ± 29.06 | 0.965 |
Minimum O2 sat during heel lance (%), mean ± SD | 94.44 ± 4.69 | 91.33 ± 7.28 | 92.10 ± 5.77 | 0.052 |
Uric acid | ||||
Baseline | 145.82 (70.96) | 119.84 (51.14) | 136.57 (64.94) | 0.08 |
5 min | 140.76 (73.11) | 120.4 (49.48) | 133.56 (65.72) | 0.201 |
Hypoxanthine | ||||
Baseline | 1.35 (1.35) | 1.35 (2.09) | 1.37 (1.21) | 0.739 |
5 min | 1.33 (1.29) | 1.44 (2.17) | 1.28 (1.13) | 0.927 |
Allantoin | ||||
Baseline | 29.24 (18.29) | 31.95 (24.17) | 26.31 (13.83) | 0.642 |
5 min | 27.83 (16.68) | 30.72 (21.13) | 26.78 (14.84) | 0.75 |
