Fig. 3: Flow diagram of restrictions to parental presence in the NICU after the emergence of COVID-19.

Overall, 130 of 277 NICUs (47%) had restrictions to NICU parental in the NICU during the Covid-19 pandemic. Of these, most allowed only a single parent at the bedside and 33 NICUs required families to choose a single parent for the entire hospital stay. Prohibition of parental presence in the NICU was rare but occurred at 7 sites (3%).