Table 2 Results of univariate analysis of associations between maternal and gestational conditions and preterm milk macronutrient content at different time points (n = 277).
Nutrient | Condition | Time point | Concentration | 95% CI of difference | p-value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Protein in g/dl | Maternal | Age (years old) | Week 1 | <35 | 1.5 ± 0.3 | 0.005–0.240 | 0.043 |
≥35 | 1.6 ± 0.3 | ||||||
1st 4 weeks of lactation | <35 | 1.3 ± 0.2 | 0.023–0.211 | 0.022 | |||
≥35 | 1.4 ± 0.3 | ||||||
BMI (kg/m2) | Week 4 | <25 | 1.1 ± 0.2 | 0.020–0.183 | 0.010 | ||
≥25 | 1.2 ± 0.2 | ||||||
Gestational | Multiple | Week 1 | Yes | 1.4 ± 0.3 | 0.007–0.302 | 0.003 | |
No | 1.5 ± 0.3 | ||||||
Week 4 | Yes | 1.0 ± 0.1 | 0.098–0.221 | <0.001 | |||
No | 1.1 ± 0.2 | ||||||
1st 4 weeks of lactation | Yes | 1.2 ± 0.3 | 0.004–0.244 | 0.001 | |||
No | 1.4 ± 0.2 | ||||||
IUGR | Week 4 | Yes | 1.2 ± 0.2 | (−0.230)-(−0.045) | 0.010 | ||
No | 1.1 ± 0.2 | ||||||
1st 4 weeks of lactation | Yes | 1.4 ± 0.3 | (−0.235)-(−0.006) | 0.047 | |||
No | 1.3 ± 0.2 | ||||||
Hypertensive disorders | Week 4 | Yes | 1.2 ± 0.2 | (−0.221)-(−0.015) | 0.043 | ||
No | 1.1 ± 0.2 | ||||||
Labour and delivery | Labour | Week 4 | Yes | 1.1 ± 0.2 | 0.051–0.229 | 0.004 | |
No | 1.2 ± 0.2 | ||||||
Lactation history | Previous lactation | 1st 4 weeks of lactation | Yes | 1.3 ± 0.3 | (−0.028)−0.192 | 0.029 | |
No | 1.4 ± 0.2 | ||||||
Fat in g/dl | Maternal | BMI (kg/m2) | Week 4 | <25 | 3.2 ± 0.8 | 0.067–0.907 | 0.018 |
≥25 | 3.7 ± 0.9 | ||||||
Gestational | Multiple | Week 4 | Yes | 3.0 ± 0.0 | 0.22–0.925 | 0.018 | |
No | 3.5 ± 0.9 | ||||||
Hypertensive disorder of pregnancy | Week 1 | Yes | 3.3 ± 1.2 | 0.116–1.267 | 0.019 | ||
No | 4.0 ± 1.0 | ||||||
Energy in kJ/dl (in kcal/dl) | Maternal | BMI (kg/m2) | Week 4 | <25 | 274.2 ± 34.7 (65.6 ± 8.3) | 0.663–8.676 | 0.023 |
≥25 | 293.9 ± 35.6 (70.2 ± 8.5) | ||||||
Gestational | Multiple | Week 4 | Yes | 262.9 ± 22.2 (62.8 ± 5.3) | 2.412–9.266 | 0.001 | |
No | 285.9 ± 36.4 (68.3 ± 8.7) | ||||||
1st 4 weeks of lactation | Yes | 286.3 ± 36.4 (68.4 ± 8.7) | (−1.244) −7.255 | 0.043 | |||
No | 298.9 ± 36.4 (71.4 ± 8.7) | ||||||
Hypertensive disorder of pregnancy | Week 1 | Yes | 279.6 ± 52.7 (66.8 ± 12.6) | 0.243–14.286 | 0.014 | ||
No | 309.8 ± 42.3 (74.0 ± 10.1) | ||||||
