Table 1 Newborn demographic and health characteristics and hospital characteristics among birth hospitalizations with and without a documented COVID-19 diagnosis, PHDa, May 2020–February 2022b.
From: Critical care among newborns with and without a COVID-19 diagnosis, May 2020–February 2022
Overall | Period 1- Pre delta | Period 2 - Delta | Period 3 - Omicron | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Characteristics | Total (n = 1,388,712) | COVID-19 (n = 876) | No COVID-19 (n = 1,387,836) | p-valuec | COVID-19 (n = 271) | No COVID-19 (n = 855,613) | p-valuec | COVID-19 (n = 226) | No COVID-19 (n = 336,394) | p-valuec | COVID-19 (n = 379) | No COVID-19 (n = 178,596) | p-valuec |
Infant Characteristics | |||||||||||||
Gender | |||||||||||||
Female | 678,788 (48.88) | 423 (48.29) | 678,365 (48.88) | 0.7675 | 132 (48.71) | 425,031 (48.86) | 0.9338 | 106 (46.90) | 164,863 (49.01) | 0.7839 | 185 (48.81) | 88,471(48.73) | 0.9177 |
Male | 709,295 (51.08) | 453 (51.71) | 708,842 (51.08) | 139 (51.29) | 444,425 (51.09) | 120 (53.10) | 171,413 (50.96) | 194 (51.19) | 93,004 (51.23) | ||||
Unknown | 629 (0.05) | 0 (0.00) | 629 (0.05) | 0 (0.00) | 429 (0.05) | 0 (0.00) | 118 (0.04) | 0 (0.00) | 82 (0.05) | ||||
Race and Ethnicityd | |||||||||||||
Black, non- Hispanic | 192,621 (13.87) | 119 (13.58) | 192,502 (13.87) | <0.0001 | 41 (15.13) | 121,862 (14.01) | 0.0010 | 31 (13.72) | 45,763(13.60) | 0.7086 | 47 (12.40) | 24,877 (13.70) | 0.0345 |
Hispanic | 234,302 (16.87) | 202 (23.06) | 234,100 (16.87) | 65 (23.99) | 137,271 (15.78) | 45 (19.91) | 62,424 (18.56) | 92 (24.27) | 34,405 (18.95) | ||||
Other Unknown, non-Hispanic | 289,478 (20.85) | 148 (16.89) | 289,330 (20.85) | 42 (15.50) | 18,0986 (20.81) | 40 (17.70) | 69,923 (20.79) | 66 (17.41) | 38,421(21.16) | ||||
White, non-Hispanic | 672,311 (48.41) | 407 (46.46) | 671,904 (48.41) | 123 (45.39) | 429,766 (49.40) | 110 (48.67) | 158,284 (47.05) | 174 (45.91) | 83,854(46.19) | ||||
Insurance | |||||||||||||
Medicaid | 661,584 (47.64) | 481 (54.91) | 661,103 (47.64) | <0.0001 | 139 (51.29) | 415,988 (47.82) | 0.0784 | 117 (51.77) | 157,890 (46.94) | 0.0418 | 225 (59.37) | 87,225 (48.04) | <0.0001 |
Privatee | 615,355 (44.31) | 333 (38.01) | 615,022 (44.32) | 104 (38.38) | 385,989 (44.37) | 100 (44.25) | 150,312 (44.68) | 129 (34.04) | 78,721 (43.36) | ||||
Self-pay, Other | 111,773(8.05) | 62 (7.08) | 111,711 (8.05) | 28 (10.33) | 67,908 (7.81) | 9 (3.98) | 28,192(8.38) | 25 (6.60) | 15,611 (8.60) | ||||
Infant Health Characteristics | |||||||||||||
Gestational Age | |||||||||||||
Full Term (37+ weeks) | 1,251,732 (90.14) | 698 (79.68) | 1,251,034 (90.14) | <0.0001 | 195 (71.96) | 784,176 (90.15) | <0.0001 | 168 (74.34) | 302,937 (90.05) | <0.0001 | 335 (88.39) | 163,921 (90.29) | 0.2132 |
Preterm (<37 weeks) | 136,980 (9.86) | 178 (20.32) | 136,802(9.86) | 76 (28.04) | 85,709 (9.85) | 58 (25.66) | 33,457 (9.95) | 44 (11.61) | 17,636 (9.71) | ||||
34-<37 weeks | 110,503 (80.67) | 108 (60.67) | 110,395 (80.70) | <0.0001 | 42 (55.26) | 68,582 (80.02) | <0.0001 | 32 (55.17) | 26,977 (80.63) | <0.0001 | 34 (77.27) | 14,836 (84.12) | 0.2145 |
<34 weeks | 26,477 (19.33) | 70 (39.33) | 26,407 (19.30) | 34 (44.74) | 17,127 (19.98) | 26 (44.83) | 6480 (19.37) | 10 (22.73) | 2800(15.88) | ||||
Small for Gestational Age | |||||||||||||
Yes | 64,593 (4.65) | 37 (4.22) | 64,556 (4.65) | 0.5478 | 9 (3.32) | 39,286 (4.52) | 0.3434 | 14 (6.19) | 16,163 (4.80) | 0.3288 | 14 (3.69) | 9107 (5.02) | 0.2387 |
No | 1,324,119 (95.35) | 839 (95.78) | 1,323,280 (95.35) | 262 (96.68) | 830,599 (95.48) | 212 (93.81) | 320,231 (95.20) | 365 (96.31) | 172,450 (94.98) | ||||
Status at Discharge | |||||||||||||
Deceased/ hospice | 3800 (0.27) | 3 (0.34) | 3797(0.27) | <0.0001 | 1 (0.37) | 2502 (0.29) | 0.0002 | 1 (0.44) | 847(0.25) | <0.0001 | 1(0.26) | 448 (0.25) | 0.9574 |
Home | 1,347,745 (97.05) | 825 (94.18) | 1,346,920 (97.05) | 251 (92.62) | 843,485 (96.97) | 205 (90.71) | 326,812 (97.15) | 369 (97.36) | 176,623 (97.28) | ||||
Other facility | 36,068 (2.60) | 47 (5.37) | 36,021 (2.60) | 19(7.01) | 23,218 (2.67) | 19 (8.41) | 8465 (2.52) | 9 (2.37) | 4338(2.39) | ||||
Other/Unknown | 1099 (0.08) | 1(0.11) | 1098 (0.08) | 0 (0.00) | 680(0.08) | 1 (0.44) | 270 (0.08) | 0 (0.00) | 148 (0.08) | ||||
Urbanicity | |||||||||||||
Rural | 182,010(13.11) | 102 (11.64) | 181,908 (13.11) | 0.1995 | 29 (10.70) | 114,217 (13.13) | 0.2365 | 33 (14.60) | 43,678(12.98) | 0.4696 | 40 (10.55) | 24,013(13.23) | 0.1250 |
Urban | 1,206,702 (86.89) | 774 (88.36) | 1,205,928 (86.89) | 242(89.30) | 755,668 (86.87) | 193 (85.40) | 292,716 (87.02) | 339 (89.45) | 157544 (86.77) | ||||
US Census Regionf | |||||||||||||
Midwest | 331,399 (23.86) | 223 (25.46) | 331,176 (23.86) | <0.0001 | 75 (27.68) | 208,348 (23.95) | 0.1612 | 47 (20.80) | 79,777 (23.72) | <0.0001 | 101 (26.65) | 43,051 (23.71) | 0.1419 |
Northeast | 179,650 (12.94) | 90 (10.27) | 179,560 (12.94) | 27 (9.96) | 112,974 (12.99) | 13 (5.75) | 43,513 (12.94) | 50 (13.19) | 23,073 (12.71) | ||||
South | 631,142 (45.45) | 447 (51.03) | 630,695 (45.44) | 129 (47.60) | 394,201 (45.32) | 141 (62.39) | 153,295 (45.57) | 177 (46.70) | 83,199 (45.83) | ||||
West | 246,521 (17.75) | 116 (13.24) | 246,405 (17.75) | 40 (14.76) | 154,362 (17.75) | 25 (11.06) | 59,809 (17.78) | 51 (13.46) | 32,234 (17.75) | ||||
