Table 1 Characteristics of mothers with and without clinical diagnosis suggestive of MIA.
Sample | MIA present (n = 80) | MIA absent (n = 522) | Odds ratio (95% CI) | P-Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Race/ethnicity | ||||
White non-Hispanic | 30 (37.5) | 172 (33.0) | Reference | Reference |
Hispanic | 32 (40.0) | 234 (44.8) | 0.78 (0.46–1.34) | 0.3733 |
Black | 3 (3.8) | 10 (1.9) | 1.72 (0.45–6.62) | 0.4301 |
Asian | 9 (11.3) | 83 (15.9) | 0.62 (0.28–1.37) | 0.2381 |
Other | 6 (7.5) | 23 (4.4) | 1.50 (0.56–3.98) | 0.4201 |
Maternal age | ||||
<18 years | 1 (1.3) | 8 (1.5) | 0.84 (0.10–6.81) | 0.8673 |
18–34 years | 58 (72.5) | 388 (74.3) | Reference | Reference |
>34 years | 21 (26.3) | 126 (24.1) | 1.12 (0.65–1.91) | 0.6919 |
Maternal education | ||||
<12 years | 12 (15.0) | 96 (18.4) | 0.65 (0.30–1.43) | 0.2861 |
12 years | 18 (22.5) | 94 (18.0) | Reference | Reference |
>12 years | 45 (56.3) | 292 (55.9) | 0.81 (0.44–1.46) | 0.4734 |
Unknown | 5 (6.3) | 40 (7.7) | 0.65 (0.23–1.88) | 0.4292 |
Gestational age at delivery | ||||
< 25 weeks | 3 (3.8) | 7 (1.3) | 6.74 (1.61–28.2) | 0.0089 |
25–31 weeks | 29 (36.3) | 72 (13.8) | 6.34 (3.37–11.9) | <0.0001 |
32–36 weeks | 29 (36.3) | 144 (27.6) | 3.17 (1.72–5.84) | 0.0002 |
37–42 weeks | 19 (33.8) | 299 (57.3) | Reference | Reference |
>42 weeks | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | NA | NA |
Trimester prenatal care began | ||||
1st | 77 (96.3) | 502 (96.2) | Reference | Reference |
2nd | 2 (2.5) | 15 (2.9) | 0.87 (0.20–3.88) | 0.8542 |
3rd | 0 (0.0) | 1 (0.2) | NA | 0.9872 |
Unknown | 1 (1.3) | 4 (0.8) | 1.63 (0.18–14.7) | 0.664 |
Adequacy of prenatal care | ||||
Adequate | 70 (87.5) | 475 (91.0) | Reference | Reference |
Intermediate | 3 (3.8) | 24 (4.6) | 0.85 (0.25–2.89) | 0.7924 |
Inadequate | 2 (2.5) | 7 (1.3) | 1.94 (0.40–9.52) | 0.4148 |
Unknown | 5 (6.3) | 16 (3.1) | 2.12 (0.75–5.97) | 0.1546 |
Payment for delivery | ||||
Private insurance | 41 (51.3) | 289 (55.4) | Reference | Reference |
Public insurance | 37 (46.3) | 222 (42.5) | 1.18 (0.73–1.89) | 0.5086 |
Other | 2 (2.5) | 11 (2.1) | 1.28 (0.27–5.99) | 0.7524 |
WIC participation | ||||
No | 40 (50.0) | 292 (55.9) | Reference | Reference |
Yes | 38 (47.5) | 227 (43.5) | 1.22 (0.76–1.97) | 0.4097 |
Unknown | 2 (2.5) | 3 (0.6) | 4.87 (0.79–30.0) | 0.0882 |
Infant sex | ||||
Male | 38 (47.5) | 276 (52.9) | Reference | |
Female | 42 (52.5) | 246 (47.1) | 1.24 (0.77–1.99) | 0.3709 |
Prepregnancy BMI (kg/m2) | ||||
<18.5 | 5 (6.3) | 25 (4.8) | 1.90 (0.68–5.33) | 0.2225 |
18.5–24.9 | 30 (37.5) | 285 (54.6) | Reference | Reference |
25–29.9 | 17 (21.3) | 110 (21.1) | 1.47 (0.78–2.77) | 0.2354 |
≥30.0 | 28 (35.0) | 102 (19.5) | 2.61 (1.49–4.58) | 0.0008 |
Smoked | ||||
No | 79 (98.8) | 514 (98.5) | Reference | Reference |
Yes | 1 (1.3) | 8 (1.5) | 0.81 (0.10–6.59) | 0.8466 |
Parity | ||||
Nulliparous | 38 (47.5) | 226 (43.3) | Reference | Reference |
Multiparous | 42 (52.5) | 296 (56.7) | 0.84 (0.53–1.35) | 0.4807 |
Interpregnancy interval | ||||
<6 months | 2 (2.5) | 27 (5.2) | 0.41 (0.09–1.89) | 0.2494 |
6–23 months | 10 (12.5) | 98 (18.8) | 0.56 (0.24–1.31) | 0.1795 |
24–59 months | 15 (18.8) | 82 (15.7) | Reference | Reference |
>59 months | 8 (10.0) | 51 (9.8) | 0.86 (0.34–2.17) | 0.7451 |
Nulliparous | 38 (47.5) | 226 (43.3) | 0.92 (0.48–1.76) | 0.7991 |
Unknown | 7 (8.8) | 38 (7.3) | 1.01 (0.38–2.67) | 0.9888 |
