Table 1 Change package developed by expert panel.

From: 28 NICUs participating in a quality improvement collaborative targeting early-onset sepsis antibiotic use

1. Ensure appropriate discontinuation of antibiotics:

 1a. Develop local early onset sepsis guidelines

 1b. Establish routine “antibiotic time out” at 48 h (and no later than 72 h) after cultures are obtained

2. Establish real-time monitoring and measurement systems to ensure:

 2a. Transparent availability of continuous antibiotic use data

 2b. Data-informed feedback to individuals and groups of care providers

3. Promote a culture of optimal antibiotic use within the facility by:

 3a. Convening a multidisciplinary group to perform periodic formal analysis of opportunities to improve antibiotic use

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