Table 2 Clinical Infectious Evaluation for GIFA-positive and GIFA-negative patients.

From: Molecular testing for gastrointestinal pathogens in intestinal tissue of infants with necrotizing enterocolitis or spontaneous intestinal perforation

Culture site

GIFA (+) NEC

GIFA (−) NEC

GIFA (−) SIP

N = 6

N = 137

N = 35

Blood

2 (33%)a

33 (24%)b

8 (23%)f

Urine

0

8 (5.9%)c

0

CSF

0

3 (2.2%)d

0

Peritoneal Fluid

0

2 (1.5%)e

0

  1. aCoagulase-negative Staphylococcus (CONS), Escherichia coli (E.coli)
  2. bE.coli, Methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA), Staphylococcus epidermidis (S. epidermidis), Pseudomonas aureginosa (P. aureginosa), Candida albicans (C. albicans), Klebsiella pneumoniae (K.pneumoniae), CONS, Serratia. marcescens (S. marcescens), Clostridioides butyricum (C. butyricum), Enterobacter aerogenes (E.aerogenes), Enterobacter cloacae (E. cloacae), Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis), Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)
  3. cP. aureginosa, Clostridioides difficile (C. difficile), Clostridioides perfingens (C. perfingens), E. cloacae, Candida glabrata (C.glabrata), E.coli, K. pneumoniae, Bacteroides fragilis (B. fragilis)
  4. dK. pneumoniae, E.coli, Klebsiella oxytoca (K.oxytoca)
  5. eMSSA, K.pneumoniae
  6. fMSSA, C. albicans, CONS, C. glabrata, S. epidermidis, E. cloacae
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