Table 1 Demographic and clinical characteristics.
Case (n = 40) | Control (n = 39) | p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|
Male sex, n (%) | 22 (55) | 25 (64) | 0.68 |
Gestational age (weeks), mean (SD) | 27.1 (22.1) | 27.5 (15) | 0.29 |
Birth weight (kg), mean (SD) | 0.93 (0.34) | 0.96 (0.2) | 0.61 |
Multiple gestation, n (%) | 9 (23) | 4 (10) | 0.22 |
Vaginal birth, n (%) | 10 (25) | 5 (12) | 0.35 |
Hispanic ethnicity, n (%) | 7 (18) | 3 (8) | 0.31 |
Race, n (%) | |||
White | 20 (50) | 20 (51) | 0.9 |
Black | 14 (35) | 12 (31) | |
Other or unknown | 6 (15) | 7 (18) | |
Mortality, n (%) | 4 (10) | 0 (0) | – |
Length of admission in days, mean (SD) | 141 (94.5) | 77 (26.5) | <0.001 |
Nutrition/diet by stool sample | (n = 383 samples) | (n = 249 samples) | |
Enteral feedinga, n stools (% stools) | |||
Maternal breast milk (MBM) | 157 (41) | 141 (57) | <0.001 |
Donor breast milk (DBM) | 81 (21) | 90 (36) | |
Formula | 190 (50) | 78 (31) | |
None/NPO | 62 (16) | 5 (2) | |
Maternal chorioamnionitisb, n (%) | |||
Yes | 9 (23) | 8 (21) | 0.98 |
No | 20 (50) | 20 (51) | |
Unknown | 11 (28) | 11 (28) | |
Maternal antibiotics, n (%) | |||
Any perinatal antibiotics | 32 (80) | 30 (77) | 0.74 |
None | 5 (13) | 0 (0) | – |
Unknown | 3 (8) | 9 (23) | – |
