Fig. 2: Screenshot of the virtual reality (VR) neonatal resuscitation training environment used in the pilot study at Ho Chi Minh City Children’s Hospital.

The immersive scenario depicts a simulated neonatal resuscitation room with a preterm infant on a radiant warmer. Participants, represented by avatars, are shown performing bulb suctioning of the infant’s mouth as part of the MR. SOPA algorithm for ventilation corrective steps. During this session, Vietnamese healthcare provider participants were joined by co-author R.M., located remotely in Madison, Wisconsin, and co-author G.T., who was onsite in Ho Chi Minh City, providing real-time translation of R.M.’s instructions. The VR platform enabled interdisciplinary and international collaboration, simulating neonatal resuscitation procedures in accordance with the Neonatal Resuscitation Program®. Interactive equipment, including a resuscitation warmer, ventilation devices, and laryngoscope tools, allowed participants to practice cognitive decision-making and team-based communication skills in a realistic, immersive, and safe training space.