Table 1 Infant Demographic and Clinical Characteristics by Race/Ethnicity, Kaiser Permanente Northern California (2019–2023).

From: Differences in healthcare resource utilization by race/ethnicity among moderate to late preterm infants with respiratory distress Syndrome, Northern California

Variables

Total (N = 1674)

White (N = 628)

Asian (N = 291)

Black (N = 124)

Hispanic (N = 375)

Other/ Unknown (N = 256)

P Valuea

Infant Demographic and Clinical Characteristics

Sex

 Female

683 (40.8)

258 (41.1)

126 (43.3)

52 (41.9)

153 (40.8)

94 (36.7)

0.626

 Male

991 (59.2)

370 (58.9)

165 (56.7)

72 (58.1)

222 (59.2)

162 (63.3)

 

Birth Weight Category (grams)

 >2500

531 (31.7)

250 (39.8)

54 (18.6)

35 (28.2)

130 (34.7)

62 (24.2)

<0.001

 1500-2499

1049 (62.7)

353 (56.2)

218 (74.9)

78 (62.9)

222 (59.2)

178 (69.5)

 

 <1500

94 (5.6)

25 (4.0)

19 (6.5)

11 (8.9)

23 (6.1)

16 (6.3)

 

Gestational age (weeks)

 32

356 (21.3)

119 (18.9)

72 (24.7)

28 (22.6)

79 (21.1)

58 (22.7)

0.123

 33

365 (21.8)

122 (19.4)

65 (22.3)

27 (21.8)

95 (25.3)

56 (21.9)

 

 34

489 (29.2)

179 (28.5)

93 (32.0)

41 (33.1)

105 (28.0)

71 (27.7)

 

 35

247 (14.8)

112 (17.8)

31 (10.7)

15 (12.1)

52 (13.9)

37 (14.5)

 

 36

217 (13.0)

96 (15.3)

30 (10.3)

13 (10.5)

44 (11.7)

34 (13.3)

 

Apgar 5 Score < 7

133 (7.9)

39 (6.2)

26 (8.9)

17 (13.7)

33 (8.8)

18 (7.0)

0.055

Neighborhood Deprivation Index Quartile

 Q1 (least deprived)

251 (15.0)

120 (19.1)

41 (14.1)

5 (4.0)

33 (8.8)

52 (20.3)

<0.001

 Q2

501 (29.9)

208 (33.1)

95 (32.6)

32 (25.8)

87 (23.2)

79 (30.9)

 

 Q3

496 (29.6)

195 (31.1)

88 (30.2)

33 (26.6)

114 (30.4)

66 (25.8)

 

 Q4 (most deprived)

423 (25.3)

104 (16.6)

67 (23.0)

54 (43.5)

139 (37.1)

59 (23.0)

 

Clinical Treatment (During Hospitalization)

Received Surfactant

316 (18.9)

127 (20.2)

40 (13.7)

27 (21.8)

72 (19.2)

50 (19.5)

0.16

Duration of Respiratory Support (Hours)

 Median (IQR)

53.0 (25.0-120.0)

59.5 (27.0-125.5)

44.0 (23.0-98.0)

52.0 (24.0-137.0)

52.0 (24.0-119.0)

56.0 (31.0-125.0)

0.20

Any Invasive Ventilation

103 (6.2)

46 (7.3)

13 (4.5)

7 (5.6)

25 (6.7)

12 (4.7)

0.39

Duration of Invasive Ventilation (Hours)

 Median (IQR)

17.5 (8.0-44.0)

17.0 (6.0-40.0)

14.0 (4.0-25.0)

13.0 (11.0-32.0)

26.0 (11.0-53.0)

27.0 (5.0-47.0)

0.87

Any Non-Invasive Support

1671 (99.8)

626 (99.7)

290 (99.7)

124 (100)

375 (100)

256 (100)

0.65

Duration of Non-Invasive Support (Hours)

 Median (IQR)

52.0 (25.0-118.0)

57.0 (26.0-120.0)

43.0 (22.0-97.0)

51.0 (24.0-137.0)

52.0 (24.0-114.0)

54.0 (30.5-123.0)

0.26

Discharge Status

 Discharged on Oxygen Support

5 (0.3)

3 (0.5)

0 (0.0)

1 (0.8)

0(0.0)

1 (0.4)

0.43

 Discharged on Room Air

1669 (99.7)

625 (99.5)

291 (100)

123 (99.2)

375 (100)

255 (99.6)

 
  1. aChi-square test and Fisher’s exact test (cell counts <20) were used to determine p-values across categorical variables and Mood’s test was used to determine p-values across medians of continuous variables.
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