Fig. 6

OxHDL increases TNF-α expression through the activation of LOX-1 and NF-κB. a TNF-α mRNA expression measured in ECs exposed to HDL (50 μg/ml) and oxHDL (50 μg/ml) for 24 h. Data are expressed normalized to vehicle condition (N = 3). Statistical differences were assessed by a one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) (Kruskal–Wallis) followed by Dunn’s post hoc test. **P < 0.01. Graph bars show the mean ± SD. b and c TNF-α mRNA expression was measured in ECs exposed to HDL (50 μg/ml) and oxHDL (50 μg/ml) for 24 h in the absence (–) or presence (+) of the LOX-1 inhibitor κ-carrageenan (250 μg/ml) (b) and the NF-κB inhibitor SC3060 (5 μM) (c). Data are expressed normalized to vehicle condition in the absence of stimuli (N = 3). Plasma TNF-α levels in rats treated with vehicle, HDL and oxHDL for 24 h. Data are expressed normalized to vehicle condition (N = 3). Statistical differences were assessed by a one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) (Kruskal–Wallis) followed by Dunn’s post hoc test. **P < 0.01. Graph bars show the mean ± SD (d). LOX-1 expression was measured in the plasma membrane-rich fraction from ECs exposed to vehicle, HDL (50 μg/ml) and oxHDL (50 μg/ml) for 24 h in the absence (–) or presence (+) of the TNF-α receptor inhibitor, R7050 (5 μM) (e and f) and TNF-α 10 ng/ml (g and h) (N = 3). Statistical differences were assessed by a two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Tukey post hoc test. **P < 0.01. Graph bars show the mean ± SD