Fig. 3: Distinct gene expression profile of patient-derived tumors is associated with PDX engraftment.

Using RNA sequencing, we detected 295 genes showing significant differences in expression between non-engrafting (NEG) and engrafting (EG) patient-derived tumors (FDR P value < 0.05, fold change >2). Hierarchical clustering was used to produce a 2-tree clustered heatmap. Based on the tree clustering, gene expression pathways were examined using Reactome pathway analysis. PDX engraftment was closely associated with high expression of genes related to the cell cycle and DNA replication but low expression of genes related to immune system and signal transduction. Each clustered group of gene expression pathway was P < 0.001 and FDR < 0.05.