Fig. 1: Experimental design and specific Raman features of mineralization.

a Protocol used for 14-days mineralization of MDA-MB-231 cells (left panel). Acronyms denote OC osteogenic cocktail, Dex dexamethasone, Pi inorganic phosphate, DMEM Dulbecco’s modified Eagle medium, βG β-glycerophosphate, AA ascorbic acid. Representative images of MDA-MB-231 cells growing at different time point of mineralization (Day 3, 7, 11, and 14) (right panel). Scale bar: 20 µm and ×100 magnification. b Raman spectra acquired from mineral deposits in cell culture after 3 days and c 11 days of mineralization. Labels denote Phe Phenylalanine, Cys Cysteine, Tyr Tyrosine. Cells were treated with Pi + Dex (blue line) and OC + Dex (or βG) (green line). Non-treated cells were considered as control (red line). Each spectrum is an average of 40 spectra for each condition.