Table 2 Characteristics of NEPC PDX model obtained by induction.

LTL352/370

Uretheral metastasis/Penile metastasis

NEPC

−

−

Testos

terone

SRC

3 M/6 M

SYP/CHGA(+) AR/PSA(−)

SPINK1/ERG(−);

TMPRSS2-ERG/PTEN(+)

gross genome structure/parent tumor profiles(+)

[20]

LTL331R

LTL-331

AdCa

−

+

Intact/testoste

rone/castration

SRC

N/A

SYP/CHGA/CHGB(+) AR/PSA(−)

neuronal transcription factors/membrane ion channels/ receptors/secreted peptides upregulated

tumor doubling time 10-12D;High metastasis

[20]

LuCaP 49

Omental metastasis

NEPC/AdCa

±

±

Intact

S.C.

5–9 W

CHGA/NSE(+)

AR/PSA(−)

multiple aberrations of different chromosomes

CD44/ERG/PTEN(-);

VEGF/CD57(+);

8p loss

[64]

LuCaP 93/145.1/145.2

TURP/Liver metastasis/Lymph node metastasis

NEPC

N/A

N/A

Intact

S.C.

4–12 M

SYP/CHGA(+)

AR(−)

REST downregulated;

SRRM4 upregulated

Response to docetaxel (+);

serum PSA(−)

[59]

WISH-PC2

Primary PCa

AdCa

N/A

+

Testos

terone/Castration

S.C.

4 M

CHGA/NSE/SYP (+) AR/PSA(−)

N/A

CK8/CK18(+);

Ki67 upregulated

[60]

UCRU-PR-2

TURP

NEPC/ AdCa

N/A

+

Testos

terone

S.C./Renal capsule

8–12 M

NSE(+)

AR/PSA(±)

N/A

peptide hormones/β-endorphin/ somatostatin (+); Mean doubling time 14.7D

[61, 62]

ENZ-T2 NE

MDA PCa 133-4

CRPC

+

+

Castra

tion+

Enzalut

amide

S.C.

24 W

SYP/CHGA(+)

AR(−)

NR3C1(GR) and MYCN upregulated

CK8/18(−);

NE scores >0.4

[14]

PDX 201.2

Lung metastasis

CRPC

−

−

Castration

S.C./Renal capsule

92D

CD56(+)

1TP53/PTEN/RB1 loss; SOX2/BRN2/FOXA2 Upregulated; FOXA1 downregulated

FGF pathway activation

[13]

MDA PCa 144/5/6 series

Pelvic exenteration

NEPC

−

±

Intact

S.C.

42–84D

SYP/CHGA/CD56(+)

AR/PSA(−)

TMPRSS2:ERG gene fusion;

Mitotic genes uprgulated

Cyclin D1(−)

[63]