Fig. 3

Non-response and relapse. a Protocol flow chart of trials AML-BFM REZ 91, AML-BFM REZ 93, AML-BFM REZ 97, and Relapsed AML 2001/01. HAM high-dose cytarabine, mitoxantrone, SCT stem cell transplantation, MITOX mitoxantrone, E etoposid, A cytarabine (intermediate dose), Dx liposomal daunorubicine, FLAG fludarabine, cytarabine, G-CSF, Consol. consolidation consisting of thioguanine and low-dose cytarabine for 6 weeks. ⁺Low patient recruitment due to alternative regimens, no treatment or palliative care. *Autologous SCT if no suitable matched allogeneic donor available in late relapses. Analysis of pEFS ± SE after relapse (b) and their cumulative incidences of deaths ± SE and pOS ± SE from 1987–2010 (d). n = 97 (1987–1992); n = 159 (1993–1998); n = 172 (1999–2004); n = 156 (2005–2010). Analysis of pEFS ± SE after non-response (c) and their cumulative incidences of deaths ± SE and pOS ± SE (e). n = 48 (1987–1992); n = 56 (1993–1998); n = 46 (1999–2004); n = 47 (2005–2010). Causes of deaths are evaluated for bleeding, infections, SCT-related, disease-related, or others. b–e Kaplan–Meier curves of EFS and OS of distinct subgroups were compared using the log-rank test, shown as p value. BFM Berlin Frankfurt Münster, CNS central nervous system