Fig. 4

SHC-MSCs and PLK1-overexpressing MSCs demonstrate an increased efficacy for treating GVHD (a) Experimental scheme of MSC administration in a humanized GVHD mouse model. Mice were injected with 2.5 × 10⁶ human PBMNCs followed by 5 × 10⁵ naïve MSCs (Naïve group), SHC-MSCs (SHC group), or PLK1-overexpressing MSCs (PLK1 group). The Sham group was injected with PBS instead of PBMNCs. b Western analysis of PLK1 in the indicated MSCs prior to administration. c–f Survival rate (c, n = 10), body weight (d, n = 10), histological analysis of GVHD target organs (e, n = 10, left panel, ×200 magnification, scale bar = 100 μm), and plasma levels of the human inflammatory cytokines IL-2, TNF-α, and IFN-γ (f, n = 20) in mice from the indicated groups. Data are mean ± SEM. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, one-way or two-way ANOVA with the Bonferroni post-hoc test