Table 4 Risk factors for death.

From: Risk factors for death in 1859 subjects with COVID-19

 

Uni-variable HR (95% CI)

P value

Multivariable HR (95% CI)

P value

Clinical covariates

 Age, years

1.07 (1.06–1.08)

<0.001

1.04 (1.03–1.06)

<0.001

 Female sex (vs male)

0.35 (0.26–0.48)

<0.001

..

..

 Smoking history (vs nonsmoking)

2.43 (1.59–3.73)

<0.001

1.84 (1.17–2.92)

0.009

 Health care provider (vs non health care provider)

0.24 (0.06–0.96)

0.044

..

..

Comorbidity (Yes/No)

 ASCVD

2.56 (1.90–3.45)

<0.001

..

..

 Diabetes

2.47 (1.82–3.34)

<0.001

..

..

 Hypertension

2.21 (1.68–2.90)

<0.001

..

..

 Cancer

2.59 (1.58–4.26)

<0.001

..

..

Symptoms and complications (Y/N)

 Dyspnea

6.26 (4.76–8.24)

<0.001

..

..

 Wet cough

1.63 (1.24–2.14)

0.001

..

..

 ARDS

54.21 (37.13–79.14)

<0.001

..

..

 Bacterial infections

18.36 (12.16–27.72)

<0.001

..

..

 Temperature at admission (°C)

1.50 (1.28–1.75)

<0.001

1.32 (1.07–1.64)

0.009

Laboratory covariates

 Neutrophils ×10E + 9/L

1.23 (1.20–1.26)

<0.001

..

..

 Lymphocytes x10E + 9/L

0.07 (0.05–0.10)

<0.001

..

..

 Log10 NLR

1.06 (1.06–1.07)

<0.001

3.30 (2.10–5.19)

<0.001

 Platelets x10E + 9/L

0.99 (0.99–1.00)

<0.001

0.996 (0.994–0.998)

0.001

 hCRP, mg/L

1.02 (1.02–1.02)

<0.001

..

..

 Procalcitonin, ng/ml

1.23 (1.18–1.28)

<0.001

..

..

 LDH, U/L

1.00 (1.00–1.00)

<0.001

..

..

 Ferritin, ng/ml

1.00 (1.00–1.00)

<0.001

..

..

 aPTT, s

1.06 (1.04–1.08)

<0.001

1.04 (1.02–1.05)

<0.001

 Log10 D-dimer, mg/L

1.09 (1.08–1.11)

<0.001

3.00 (2.17–4.16)

<0.001

 Total bilirubin, μmol/L

1.03 (1.03–1.04)

<0.001

..

..

 Creatine kinase, U/L

1.00 (1.00–1.00)

<0.001

..

..

 Troponin I, ng/L

1.00 (1.00–1.00)

<0.001

..

..

 BUN, mmol/L

1.06 (1.05–1.07)

<0.001

..

..

 Log10 Scr, μmol/L

1.00 (1.00–1.00)

<0.001

4.55 (2.72–7.62)

<0.001

 IL-6

1.00 (1.00–1.00)

<0.001

..

..

 IL-10

1.00 (1.00–1.00)

0.004

..

..

 CD3-positive, %

0.95 (0.93–0.97)

<0.001

..

..

 CD8-positive, %

0.91 (0.88–0.94)

<0.001

..

..

 CD4/CD8 ratio

1.27 (1.18–1.37)

<0.001

..

..

  1. CI confidence interval, ASCVD atherosclerotic cardio- and cerebro-vascular disease, ARDS acute respiratory distress syndrome, NLR neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, hCRP high-sensitive c-reactive protein, LDH lactate dehydrogenase, aPTT activated partial thromboplastin time, BUN blood urea nitrogen, Scr serum creatinine.
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