Table 2 Types of primary diseases in t-MDS, treatment for the primary disease, median latency and OS.

From: Therapy-related MDS dissected based on primary disease and treatment—a nationwide perspective

Primary disease

n

Chemotherapy

Radiation

Chemotherapy and radiation

Median latency time, years (min-max)

Median OS, months (95% CI)

Solid tumors*

176

37 (21%)

95 (54%)

45 (25%)

6.6 (0.4–48.9)

22 (15.9–28.1)

Prostate

50

3 (6%)

44 (88%)

3 (6%)

7.9 (0.9–19.8)

41 (25.3–56.7)

Breast

40

7 (18%)

19 (48%)

14 (35%)

7.7 (0.8–21.7)

41 (24.4–58.4)

Uterine

20

1 (5%)

9 (45%)

10 (50%)

8.1 (0.8–21.9)

12 (0–27.3)

Lung

15

6 (40%)

5 (33%)

4 (27%)

3.9 (0.4–8.6)

14 (9.4–18.6)

Colon/rectal

14

7 (50%)

4 (29%)

3 (21%)

8.0 (0.4–13.4)

57 (0–120.5)

Head and neck

6

0

6 (100%)

0

3.8 (0.4–7.5)

29 (0–59.0)

Ovarian

6

5 (83%)

0

1 (17%)

3.0 (0.4–13.0)

18 (2.4–33.6)

CNS and eye

7

0

2 (29%)

5 (71%)

4.8 (1.9–15.3)

10 (4.9–15.1)

Hematological malignancies

160

124 (78%)

2 (1%)

34 (21%)

6.5 (0.3–32.0)

9 (6.9–11.1)

NHL**

71

53 (75%)

2 (3%)

16 (23%)

5.7 (0.3–25.6)

10 (7.0–13.0)

Myeloma

19

12 (63%)

0

7 (37%)

5.3 (1.7–21.6)

6 (2.8–9.2)

AML

18

17 (94%)

0

1 (6%)

5.0 (1.1–18.8)

15.0 (4.6–25.4)

ET

14

13 (93%)

0

1 (7%)

7.4 (1.3–22.0)

7 (0–27.2)

CLL

11

10 (91%)

0

1 (9%)

9.6 (1.4–15.6)

4 (1.4–6.6)

Hodgkin lymphoma

9

2 (22%)

0

7 (78%)

14.8 (1.8–32.0)

14 (0–37.4)

Polycythemia Vera

9

8 (89%)

0

1 (11%)

5.9 (2.2–14.8)

7 (1.2–12.8)

Myelofibrosis/MPN NOS

6

6 (100%)

0

0

8.0 (3.3–14.0)

4 (0–12.4)

ALL

3

3 (100%)

0

0

2.8 (1.5-18.0)

49.0 (0–111.4)

Non-malignant diseases***

63

62 (99%)

1 (1%)

0

–

26 (7.8–44.2)

Rheumatoid arthritis

30

30 (100%)

0

0

–

33.0 (8.6–57.4)

Psoriasis/psoriatic arthritis

12

12 (100%)

0

0

–

18.0 (9.5–26.5)

SLE/systemic inflammatory disease/vasculitis

10

10 (100%)

0

0

–

13 (0–36.2)

IBD

5

5 (100%)

0

0

–

16 (3.1–28.9)

Other

5

4 (80%)

1 (20%)

0

–

44 (14.1–73.9)

Unknown non-malignant

1

1 (100%)

0

0

–

–

Unknown

24

16 (67%)

7 (30%)

1 (4%)

–

26.0 (1.7–50.3)

  1. OS Overall survival, CNS Central nervous system, NHL Non-Hodgkin lymphoma, AML acute myeloid leukemia, ET essential thrombocythemia, CLL chronic lymphocytic leukemia, MPN NOS Myeloproliferative neoplasia not otherwise specified, ALL acute lymphocytic leukemia, SLE systemic lupus erythematosus, IBD Inflammatory bowel disease.
  2. *Not shown 3 cases of bladder cancer, testicular cancer and cervical cancer, 2 cases of anal cancer, cancer of the small intestine and sarcoma, 1 case of esophageal, skin and kidney cancer.
  3. **Including 4 cases of Waldenstrom’s disease.
  4. ***Not shown one case of bullous pemphigoid, nephritis, autoimmune hemolytic anemia, polymyalgia rheumatica, and thyrotoxicosis (treated with radioiodine).
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