Fig. 2: E/R fetal cells outperform E/R adult cells and gain a competitive advantage in response to the viral mimic poly I:C, allowing for the expansion of early HSPC and B cell compartments.

A Up- or downregulated MSigDB Hallmark pathways from the common E/R dysregulated genes. Pathways with FDR values < 0.05 are displayed. n = 3 replicates/group. B GSEA plot of E/R HSCs (fetal and adult combined) versus their respective WT controls for PD-L1 pathway activation in cancer. C Log2 FC of CD274 (PD-L1) and CD200 receptor genes in E/R BM HSCs or E/R FL HSCs in comparison to their respective WT controls (left) and in E/R FL HSCs in comparison to E/R BM HSCs (right). D Representative FACS plots depicting the E/R-mediated increase in PD-L1 surface expression. n = 4 (for WT) and 7 (for E/R) mice, respectively. E Quantification of HSC and MPP Ly in WT and E/R mice after anti-PD-L1 therapy. n = 3–5 mice/group from two independent experiments. p-values < 0.05 are displayed (ordinary one-way ANOVA test). F, G Quantification of total donor chimerism and different BM cellular compartments in animals transplanted with E/R adult BM (F) or E/R E14.5 FL cells (G) with or without poly I:C. n = 7 mice for the E/R FL Dox and 5 mice for other groups. Mean and individual mice are shown. p values < 0.05 are displayed (ordinary one-way ANOVA).